Question

Graphite is anisotropic with respect to the conduction of electric current. Explain.

Answer 1

1. In graphite, each carbon atom is sp² hybridised and bonded to three other carbon atoms in hexagonal layers.
2. The fourth electron is delocalised and free to move within the layers, making graphite a good conductor of electricity along the planes.
3. However, between the layers, weak van der Waals forces hold the sheets together, and there are no free electrons for conduction.

Thus, graphite conducts electricity well parallel to the layers but poorly perpendicular to them, making it anisotropic in electrical conductivity.