Question

Given below are some spheres or sites of democratic politics. You may place against each of these the specific challenges that you noted for one or more countries or cartoons in the previous section. In addition to that write one item for India for each of these spheres. In case you find that some challenges do not fit into any of the categories given below, you can create new categories and put some items under that.

Constitutional design
Democratic rights
Working of institutions
Elections
Federalism, decentralization
Accommodation of diversity
Political Organisation
Religious and equality

Answer 1

Constitutional design	It is related to framing of the Constitution and giving rights and freedom to people. It applies for countries like Saudi Arabia, China, Belgium, Nepal and Poland.
Democratic rights	To provide people with basic rights and freedoms in countries like Saudi Arabia, Guantanamo Bay and Poland. In India, even now in villages, people of lower caste are discriminated.
Working of institutions	Challenge to non-democratic countries like Mexico, Myanmar and China. In India, some parties and organisations work on caste and communal lines.
Elections	To hold free and fair elections in countries like Mexico, Chile and Poland. In India, rigging of elections is a big challenge to democracy.
Federalism, decentralization	To establish democratic institutions at local levels also in Yugoslavia and Belgium. In India, the challenge is to establish linguistic equality.
Accommodation of diversity	To resolve social diversified issues in countries like Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia, Belgium and Sri Lanka. In India, caste and communal clashes pose a challenge to democracy.
Political Organisation	To democratise organisations in countries like Ghana, Northern Ireland, Sri Lanka and South Africa. In India, there is increased criminalisation of political parties.
Religious and equality	To establish religious equality in countries like Saudi Arabia and Northern Ireland. In India, religious, social and economic discrimination of people belonging to lower castes exists.