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प्रश्न
Following are the transition metal ions of 3d series:
Ti4+, V2+, Mn3+, Cr3+
(Atomic numbers: Ti = 22, V = 23, Mn = 25, Cr = 24)
Answer the following:
1) Which ion is most stable in an aqueous solution and why?
2) Which ion is a strong oxidising agent and why?
3) Which ion is colourless and why?
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उत्तर
1)
| Gaseous ions | Number of unpaired electrons |
| Ti4+, [Ar] 3d0 | 0 |
| V2+, [Ar] 3d3 | 3 |
| Mn3+, [Ar] 3d4 | 4 |
| Cr3+, [Ar] 3d3 | 3 |
V2+ and Cr3+ are the most stable ions in aqueous solutions owing to `t_(2g)^3` a configuration.
2) An examination of the Eo values for the redox couple M3+/M2+ (from electrode potential table) shows that Mn3+ ion are the strongest oxidising agents in aqueous solutions.
3) Only the ions that have electrons in d-orbital and in which d-d transition is possible will be coloured. The ions in which d-orbitals are empty or completely filled will be colourless as no d-d transition is possible in those configurations.
From the given transition metal ions, it can be easily observed that only Ti4+ has an empty d-orbital, so, it is colourless ion.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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Transition metals with highest melting point is ____________.
Read the passage given below and answer the following question.
|
Are there nuclear reactions going on in our bodies? There are nuclear reactions constantly occurring in our bodies, but there are very few of them compared to the chemical reactions, and they do not affect our bodies much. All of the physical processes that take place to keep a human body running are chemical processes. Nuclear reactions can lead to chemical damage, which the body may notice and try to fix. The nuclear reaction occurring in our bodies is radioactive decay. This is the change of a less stable nucleus to a more stable nucleus. Every atom has either a stable nucleus or an unstable nucleus, depending on how big it is and on the ratio of protons to neutrons. The ratio of neutrons to protons in a stable nucleus is thus around 1 : 1 for small nuclei (Z < 20). Nuclei with too many neutrons, too few neutrons, or that are simply too big are unstable. They eventually transform to a stable form through radioactive decay. Wherever there are atoms with unstable nuclei (radioactive atoms), there are nuclear reactions occurring naturally. The interesting thing is that there are small amounts of radioactive atoms everywhere: in your chair, in the ground, in the food you eat, and yes, in your body. The most common natural radioactive isotopes in humans are carbon-14 and potassium-40. Chemically, these isotopes behave exactly like stable carbon and potassium. For this reason, the body uses carbon-14 and potassium-40 just like it does normal carbon and potassium; building them into the different parts of the cells, without knowing that they are radioactive. In time, carbon-14 atoms decay to stable nitrogen atoms and potassium-40 atoms decay to stable calcium atoms. Chemicals in the body that relied on having a carbon-14 atom or potassium-40 atom in a certain spot will suddenly have a nitrogen or calcium atom. Such a change damages the chemical. Normally, such changes are so rare, that the body can repair the damage or filter away the damaged chemicals. The natural occurrence of carbon-14 decay in the body is the core principle behind carbon dating. As long as a person is alive and still eating, every carbon-14 atom that decays into a nitrogen atom is replaced on average with a new carbon-14 atom. But once a person dies, he stops replacing the decaying carbon-14 atoms. Slowly the carbon-14 atoms decay to nitrogen without being replaced, so that there is less and less carbon-14 in a dead body. The rate at which carbon-14 decays is constant and follows first order kinetics. It has a half-life of nearly 6000 years, so by measuring the relative amount of carbon-14 in a bone, archeologists can calculate when the person died. All living organisms consume carbon, so carbon dating can be used to date any living organism, and any object made from a living organism. Bones, wood, leather, and even paper can be accurately dated, as long as they first existed within the last 60,000 years. This is all because of the fact that nuclear reactions naturally occur in living organisms. |
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Give reason for the following statement:
[Ti(H2O)]3+ is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless.
Give reason for the following statement:
Physical and chemical properties of the 4d and 5d series of the transition elements are quite similar to expected.
Why Zn, Cd and Hg are not called transition metals?
Which of the following transition metals shows +1 and +2 oxidation states?
Which property of transition metals enables them to behave as catalysts?
