Question

Explain the powers of the U.S. Congress.

Answer 1

1. Legislative Powers: Congress has legislative authority over all federal matters stated in Article I, Clause 8. These are referred to as delegated, implied, and concurrent powers. It has no authority over residuary subjects that belong to states.
   1. Delegated Powers: The Constitution defines delegated powers, including taxation, foreign affairs, defense, and commerce. The United States is a sovereign state; hence, Congress has certain authorities. This category includes 18 subjects.
   2. Implied Powers: Implied powers are inferred from delegated powers rather than stated specifically. For example, the ability to tax involves the ability to regulate the financial system. These powers enable Congress to respond effectively in new situations.
   3. Concurrent Powers: State legislatures share concurrent powers. Taxation, courts, standards, and public welfare are all areas where Congress and states may establish legislation. Unless there is a problem, they work together.
2. Executive Powers: The President holds executive powers, although the Senate also plays significant duties. It confirms appointments and treaties made by the President. Congress has the authority to declare war, establish or control departments, and conduct investigations.
3. Financial Powers: Congress oversees the national budget and has the exclusive authority to tax and spend. It decides on international aid, government spending, and appropriations. The President depends on Congress for financial support to run the government.
4. Judicial Powers: Congress can select and impeach federal judges, including the President and Vice-President. The Senate conducts impeachment trials. Both Houses also punish members for contempt and maintain internal discipline.
5. Constituent Powers: Congress has the authority to change the United States Constitution. To pass a proposal, both Houses must have a two-thirds majority. The amendment can only become law if three-fourths of the states approve it.
6. Electoral Powers: Congress may assist in electing the President or Vice-President. If no candidate receives a majority, the House elects the President and the Senate elects the Vice President. It also approves nominations for vice-presidential posts.