Question

Describe various types of solutions and mention the cause of solubility in each case.

How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an example.

Answer 1

Solutions can be classified based on the physical states of solute and solvent. Each type shows solubility due to specific intermolecular interactions between solute and solvent particles.

1. Solid in Liquid: Solubility is due to ion-dipole interactions (in ionic solutes) or hydrogen bonding (in polar molecular solutes). For example, Salt or sugar in water.
2. Liquid in Liquid: Polar liquids dissolve in polar solvents due to dipole-dipole or hydrogen bonding; non-polar liquids mix due to van der Waals forces. For example, Alcohol in water.
3. Gas in Liquid: Solubility depends on gas pressure and temperature, explained by Henry’s law, and occurs due to weak van der Waals or dipole-induced dipole forces. For example, CO₂ in water.
4. Solid in Solid: Solubility is caused by similar atomic sizes and lattice structures that allow substitution or interstitial mixing. For example, Alloys like brass (zinc in copper).
5. Liquid in Solid: Solubility occurs due to metallic bonding or interstitial mixing within the solid matrix. For example, Mercury in gold (amalgams).
6. Gas in Solid: Solubility results from physical adsorption or trapping of gas molecules in the solid’s interstitial spaces. For example, Hydrogen in palladium.