हिंदी
CBSEEnglish Medium Class 10
प्रश्न पत्र१४८४
पाठ्यपुस्तक उत्तर३३७६१
MCQ ऑनलाइन अभ्यास परीक्षा१९
महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न एवं उत्तर१६७३४
अवधारणा स्पष्टीकरण और वीडियो२२४
समय सारणी१७
पाठ्यक्रम

Overview of Sectors of the Indian Economy

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Topics

  • History (India and the Contemporary World-II)
  • India and the Contemporary World-I
  • Power Sharing
    • Concept for Power Shared in Democracies
    • Concept for Federal Division of Power in India Helped National Unity
    • Concept for Decentralisation - to What Extent Has Decentralisation Achieved this Objective
    • Democracy Accommodate Different Social Groups
  • Resources and Development
  • Development
    • Concept for Traditional Notion of Development
    • Concept for National Income and Percapita Income
    • Concept of Growth of National Income
    • Critical Appraisal of Existing Development Indicators (PCI, IMR, SR and Other Income and Health Indicators)
    • Need for Health and Educational Development
    • Human Development Indicators (Holistic Measure of Development)
  • Events and Processes
    • Growth of Nationalism in Europe After the 1830s.
    • Ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini
    • Characteristics of the Movements in Poland, Hungary,Italy, Germany and Greece
    • Factors Leading to Growth of Nationalism in Indo-china
    • French Colonialism in Indo-china
    • Phases of Struggle Against the French
    • The Ideas of Phan Chu Trinh
    • The Ideas Phan Boi Chau, Ho Chi Minh
    • Second World War and the Liberation Struggle.
    • America and the Vietnam War
    • Impact of First World War, Khilafat, Non- Cooperation
    • Differing Strands Within the Movement
    • The Limits of Civil Disobedience
    • The Sense of Collective Belonging
    • Salt Satyagraha
    • Movements of Peasants, Workers, Tribals.
  • Everyday Life, Culture and Politics
    • History of Print in Europe.
    • The Nineteenth Century
    • Relationship Between Print Culture, Public Debate and Politics
    • Emergence of the Novel as a Genre in the West
    • Relationship Between the Novel and Changes in Modern Society
    • Early Novels in Nineteenth Century India
    • Study of Two Or Three Major Writers
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • Introduction to the Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
    • The Making of Nationalism in Europe
    • The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class
    • Liberal Nationalism stood for
    • A New Conservatism After 1815
    • The Revolutionaries
    • The Age of Revolutions: 1830 - 1848
    • The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling
    • Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt
    • 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals
    • Liberty and Equality for Women
    • The Making of Germany and Italy
    • Italy Unified
    • The Strange Case of Britain
    • Visualising the Nation
    • Nationalism and Imperialism
    • Overview of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • Concept of the Pre-modern World
    • Nineteenth Century Global Economy, Colonialism
    • The Inter-war Economy
    • A World Economy Takes Shape
    • Proto-industrialization and Pace of Industrial Change
    • Life of Workers
    • Industrialization in the Colonies
    • Early Entrepreneurs and Workers
    • The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    • Market for Goods
    • Development of Modern Cities Due to Industrialization in London and Bombay
    • Housing and Land Reclamation
    • Social Changes in the Cities
    • Cities and the Challenge of the Environment
  • Nationalism in India
    • Introduction to Nationalism in India
    • The First World War, Khilafat and Non-cooperation
    • The Idea of Satyagraha
    • The Rowlatt Act
    • Need for Non-Cooperation
    • Differing Strands Within the Movement
    • The Movement in the Towns
    • Rebellion in the Countryside
    • Swaraj in the Plantations
    • Towards Civil Disobedience
    • The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • How Participants Saw the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • The Limits of Civil Disobedience
    • The Sense of Collective Belonging
    • Quit India Movement and Conclusion
    • Overview of Nationalism in India
  • The Making of a Global World
    • Concept of the Pre-modern World
    • Silk Routes Link the World
    • Food Travels: Spaghetti and Potato
    • Conquest, Disease and Trade
    • The Nineteenth Century (1815 - 1914)
    • A World Economy Takes Shape
    • Role of Technology
    • Late Nineteenth-century Colonialism
    • Rinderpest, Or the Cattle Plague
    • Indentured Labour Migration from India
    • Indian Entrepreneurs Abroad
    • Indian Trade, Colonialism and the Global System
    • The Inter-war Economy
    • Wartime Transformations
    • Post-war Recovery
    • Rise of Mass Production and Consumption
    • The Great Depression
    • India and the Great Depression
    • Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era
    • Post-war Settlement and the Bretton Woods Institutions
    • The Early Post-war Years
    • Decolonisation and Independence
    • End of Bretton Woods and the Beginning of ‘Globalisation’
    • Overview of The Making of a Global World
  • The Age of Industrialisation
    • Introduction to the Age of Industrialisation
    • Before the Industrial Revolution
    • The Coming Up of the Factory
    • The Pace of Industrial Change
    • Hand Labour and Steam Power
    • Life of the Workers
    • Industrialisation in the Colonies
    • The Age of Indian Textiles
    • Condition of Weavers under British Rule
    • Manchester Comes to India
    • Factories Come up
    • The Early Entrepreneurs
    • Sources of Industrial Labour
    • The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    • Small-scale Industries Predominate
    • Market for Goods
    • Overview of The Age of Industrialisation
  • Print Culture and the Modern World
    • Introduction to Print Culture and the Modern World
    • The First Printed Books
    • Print Comes to Europe
    • Gutenberg and the Printing Press
    • The Print Revolution and Its Impact
    • A New Reading Public
    • Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
    • Print and Dissent
    • The Reading Mania
    • The Nineteenth Century
    • India and the World of Print
    • Religious Reform and Public Debates
    • New Forms of Publication
    • Women and Print
    • Print and the Poor People
    • Print and Censorship
    • Overview of Print Culture and the Modern World
  • Federalism
  • Geography (Contemporary India-II)
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy
    • Sectors of Economic Activities
    • Historical Change in Economic Sectors
    • Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
    • Concept for Employment Generation
    • Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
    • Protective Measures for Unorganised Sector Workers
  • Geography (Contemporary India-II)
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
    • Concept of Forest and Wildlife Resources
    • Flora and Fauna in India
    • Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
  • Resources and Development
    • Resources: Meaning and Classification
    • Development of Resources
    • Resource Planning
    • Land Resources
    • Land Utilisation
    • Land Use Pattern in India
    • Land Degradation and Conservation Measures
    • Soil as a Resource
    • Classification of Soils
    • Overview of Resources and Development
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
  • Water Resources
  • Agriculture
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Minerals
    • Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
    • Ferrous Minerals
    • Non-Ferrous Minerals
    • Non-Metallic Minerals
    • Conservation of Minerals
    • Energy Resources
    • Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Conservation of Energy Resources
    • Overview of Minerals and Energy Resources
  • Manufacturing Industries
  • Lifelines of National Economy
  • Democracy and Diversity
    • Divisions Inherent to the Working of Democracy
    • Effect of Caste on Politics and of Politics on Caste
    • Gender Division Shaped Politics
    • Communal Divisions Affect Democracy
  • Political Science (Democratic Politics-II)
  • Democracy and Diversity
    • A Story from Mexico Olympics
    • Differences, Similarities, Divisions
    • Politics of Social Divisions
  • Money and Credit
    • Role of Money in an Economy
    • Formal and Informal Financial Institutions for Savings and Credit
    • Formal Institution - Nationalized Commercial Bank
    • Informal Institutions - Local Money Lenders, Landlords, Self Help Groups, Chit Funds and Private Finance Companies
  • Water Resources
  • Democratic Politics 2
  • Power-sharing
    • Belgium and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study of Ethnic Diversity
    • Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
    • Accommodation in Belgium
    • Importance of Power Sharing
    • Forms of Power-sharing
    • Overview of Power-Sharing
  • Federalism
  • Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Political Parties
    • Role of Political Parties in a Democracy
    • Number of Political Parties
    • Popular Participation in Political Parties
    • National Parties
    • State Parties
    • Challenges to Political Parties
    • Reforms in Political Parties
    • Overview of Political Parties
  • Outcomes of Democracy
    • Assessment of Democracy’s Outcomes
    • Accountable, Responsive and Legitimate Government
    • Economic Growth and Development
    • Reduction of Inequality and Poverty
    • Accommodation of Social Diversity
    • Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
    • Overview of Outcomes of Democracy
  • Understanding Economic Development
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy
    • Production Across Countries
    • Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets
    • Impact and Fair Globalization
  • Agriculture
    • Types of Farming
    • Concept for Major Crops
    • Concept for Crop Pattern
    • Technological and Institutional Reforms for Agriculture
    • Contribution of Agriculture to National Economy-employment and Output
  • Economics (Understanding Economic Development)
  • Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Development
    • Concept of Development
    • What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals
    • Income and Other Goals
    • National Development
    • Comparison Between Different Countries Or States
    • Income and Other Criteria
    • Public Facilities
    • Sustainability of Development
    • Overview of Development
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy
    • Sectors of Economic Activities
    • Comparing the Three Sectors
    • Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
    • Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
    • Sectors in Terms of Ownership: Public and Private Sectors
    • Overview of Sectors of the Indian Economy
  • Money and Credit
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy
  • Consumer Rights
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Concept of Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Mobilisation and Organisations
    • Pressure Groups and Movements
  • Data Filling
    • Data Filling
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Popular Struggles in Nepal and Bolivia
    • Movement for Democracy in Nepal
    • Bolivia’s Water War
    • Democracy and Popular Struggles
    • Mobilisation and Organisations
    • Pressure Groups and Movements
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Classification of Minerals
    • Distribution of Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Use and Economic Importance of Minerals
    • Conservation of Minerals
    • Types of Power Resources - Conventional Sources
    • Types of Power Resources - Non-conventional Sources
    • Distribution and Utilization and Conservation of Power Resources
    • Conservation of Energy Resources
  • Consumer Rights
    • Consumer is Exploitation
    • Factors Causing Exploitation of Consumers
    • Rise of Consumer Awareness
    • How a Consumer Should Be in a Market
    • Role of Government in Consumer Protection
  • Manufacturing Industries
    • Types of Manufacturing Industries
    • Concept of Spatial Distribution
    • Contribution of Industry to National Economy
    • Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
    • Measures to Control Degradation
  • Political Parties
    • Role Do Political Parties Play in Competition and Contestation
    • Major National and Regional Parties in India/ Types of Political Parties
  • Outcomes of Democracy
    • Democracy Be Judged and Outcomes
    • Concept for Outcomes Reasonably Expect of Democracies
    • Democracy in India and Expectations
    • Concep for Democracy Led to Development, Security and Dignity for the People
    • Sustains Democracy in India
  • Life Lines of National Economy
    • Importance of Means of Communication and Transportation
    • Concept for Trade and Tourism
  • Challenges to Democracy
    • Thinking About Challenges
    • Different Contexts, Different Challenges
    • Different Types of Challenges
    • Political Reforms
    • Redefining Democracy
  • Challenges to Democracy
    • Idea of Democracy Shrinking
    • Major Challenges to Democracy in India
    • Concept for Democracy Be Reformed and Deepened
    • Concept for Role Ordinary Citizen Play in Deepening Democracy
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Sectors of Economic Activities

  • Economic activities are grouped into sectors based on the nature of work they perform.
  • The primary sector uses natural resources to produce goods like crops, fish, milk, and minerals.
  • The secondary sector converts raw materials into manufactured goods through industrial processes.
  • The tertiary sector provides services such as transport, banking, communication, education, and health.
  • The primary sector forms the base, as all other sectors depend on its output.
  • All three sectors are interdependent and support each other in economic development.

Key Points: Comparing the Three Sectors

  • The primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors together produce all goods and services in an economy.
  • Economists measure production by adding the value of goods and services, not their quantities.
  • Only final goods and services are counted to avoid double-counting intermediate goods.
  • The total value of final goods and services produced in a year is called Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
  • GDP shows the size and overall economic performance of a country.
  • In India, GDP is estimated by the government using data from different states and sectors.
CBSE: Class 10

Definition: Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The value of final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country.

CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Historical Change in Sectors

  • In the early stages of development, the primary sector was the most important sector of the economy.
  • With improvements in farming, surplus food was produced, and people moved to trade and craft activities.
  • The growth of factories and new manufacturing methods led to the rise of the secondary sector.
  • Over time, workers shifted from agriculture to factories, making the secondary sector dominant.
  • In the last 100 years, the tertiary (service) sector has become the most important sector in developed countries.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India

  • The total production of goods and services in India has increased greatly between 1977–78 and 2017–18.
  • Over these years, the tertiary sector has grown the fastest among the three sectors.
  • By 2017–18, the tertiary sector became the largest producing sector, overtaking the primary sector.
  • The growth of agriculture and industry has increased the demand for services like transport, banking and education.
  • Rising incomes and new services such as information technology have further boosted the importance of the tertiary sector in India.
CBSE: Class 10

Definition: Underemployment

Underemployment refers to a situation where people are working but are not fully or productively employed.

CBSE: Class 10

Definition: Disguised Unemployment

Disguised unemployment is a form of underemployment in which more people are engaged in an activity than actually required.

CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Employment Pattern of the Population

  • In India, the primary sector continues to employ the largest number of people even today.
  • Between 1977–78 and 2017–18, the share of the primary sector in GVA declined, but employment did not fall at the same rate.
  • The secondary and tertiary sectors grew rapidly in production but created comparatively fewer jobs.
  • Many people remain dependent on agriculture even though it contributes a smaller share to total production.
  • This situation leads to underemployment, where more workers are engaged than actually needed.
  • Underemployment in agriculture is often called disguised unemployment.
  • Similar underemployment is also seen in urban service activities due to a lack of better job opportunities.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Ways to Create More Employment

  • A major cause of unemployment in India is underemployment in agriculture.
  • Providing irrigation facilities can increase crop production and create more farm jobs.
  • Government investment in dams, canals, and wells helps generate employment in rural areas.
  • Better transport, storage, and marketing facilities create jobs beyond farming.
  • Setting up small industries and services in semi-rural areas increases local employment.
  • Expanding education and health services creates many new jobs, such as teachers and health workers.
  • The MGNREGA 2005 guarantees 100 days of employment to rural households and reduces unemployment.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised

  • The economy is divided into the organised and unorganised sectors based on work conditions and rules.
  • The organised sector has fixed working hours, regular salaries, and written terms of employment.
  • Workers in the organised sector get benefits like paid leave, medical facilities, provident fund, and pension.
  • The unorganised sector has irregular jobs with no job security, paid leave, or fixed working hours.
  • Most workers in the unorganised sector depend on employers’ wishes and are paid low and uncertain wages.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Protection of Workers in the Unorganised Sector

  • The unorganised sector provides low-paid, irregular and insecure jobs with very few benefits for workers.
  • Many organised sector jobs are shrinking, forcing workers to move into the unorganised sector.
  • Unorganised workers in rural areas include landless labourers, small farmers and artisans, while in cities they include street vendors and casual workers.
  • Most workers in the unorganised sector belong to poor and socially backward communities and often face discrimination.
  • Protecting unorganised workers through government support, fair wages and social security is necessary for economic and social development.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Sectors in Terms of Ownership: Public and Private Sectors

  • Economic activities are divided into public and private sectors based on ownership.
  • The public sector is owned by the government and works for public welfare.
  • The private sector is owned by individuals or companies and aims to earn a profit.
  • The government provides essential services like health, education and transport.
  • Public spending supports farmers, industries and poor people.
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