Selina solutions for Concise Biology Class 10 Icse chapter 4 - Absorption by roots - The Processes Involved [Latest edition]

Absorption of water by the plant cells by surface attraction is called:

A plant cell placed in a certain solution got plasmolysed. What was the kind of solution?

The state of a cell in which the cell wall is rigid and stretched by the increase in volume due to the absorption of water is called.

Which one of the following is a characteristic NOT related with the suitability of the roots for absorbing water?

Movement of molecules of a substance from the region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration without the involvement a separating membrane, is called

Osmosis and diffusion are the same except that osmosis there is:

The highest water potential (capacity to move out higher concentrated solution) is that of

The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed cell is filled with.

What is responsible for guttation?

The most appropriate characteristic of a semipermeable membrane is that

Name the following: 

The condition of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. 

Name the following: 

The process by which intact plants lose water in the form of droplets from leaf margins

Name the following : 

The process by which water enters root hairs. 

Name the following: 

The tissue concerned with upward conduction of water in plants.

Name the following:

The inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of the cell.

Name the following: 

The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy.

Name the following: 

The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root. 

Give the equivalent terms for the following: 

Pressure of the cell contents on the cell wall 

Give the equivalent terms for the following : 

The condition in which the cell contents are shrunken 

Give the equivalent terms for the following:

Loss of water through a cut stem 

Complete the following statements: 

Hypotonic solution is one in which the solution kept outside the cell has lower solute concentration than ……………… the cell. 

Complete the following statements:  

Active transport is one in which the ions outside the roots are …………… 

Complete the following statements: 

The bending movements of certain flowers towards the sun and the sleep movements of certain plants at night are examples of…………

fill in the blank 

When placed in a more concentrated solution, the cell contents will…………

fil in the blank 

The pressure by which the …………. Molecules tend to cross the semi-permeable membrane is called osmotic pressure. 

fill in the blank 

Active transport is in a direction ………….. to that of diffusion.

Match the items in column I with those in column II 

Differentiate between the following: 

Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis 

Differentiate between the following
Turgor pressure and wall pressure 

Differentiate between the following: 

Guttation and bleeding

Differentiate between the following : 

Turgidity and Flaccidity 

(a) Mention whether the following statement is true (True) or false (False) 

(b) Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.

A plant cell placed in hypotonic solution gets Plasmolysed. 

(a) Mention whether the following statement is true or false.

(b) Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.  

Addition of salt to pickles prevents growth of bacteria because they turn turgid. 

(a) Mention whether the following statement is true  or false

(b) Correct the false statement by altering the last word only. 

Cells that have lost their water content are said to be deplasmolysed. 

(a) Mention whether the following statement is true  or false

(b) Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.  

Xylem is the water conducting tissue in plants. 

(a) Mention whether the following statement is true or false 

(b) Correct the false statement by altering the last word only. 

The shrinkage of protoplasm, when a cell is kept in hypotonic solution.

(a) Mention whether the following statement is true or false 

(b) Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.

The cell wall of the root cell is a differentially permeable membrane. 

What is the difference between ‘flaccid’ and ‘turgid’? Give one example of flaccid condition in plants. 

Give reasons for the following: 

If you sprinkle some common salt on grass growing on a lawn, it is killed at that spot. 

Give reasons for the following: 

If you uproot a plant from the soil, its leaves soon wilt. 

Give reasons for the following

It is better to transplant seedlings in a flower-bed in the evening and not in the morning. 

Give reasons for the following: 

A plant cell when kept in a hypertonic salt solution for about 30 minutes turns flaccid. 

Give reasons for the following: 

Potato cubes when placed in water become firm and increase in size.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give explanation in support of your answer.

Plasmolysis is reverse of deplasmolysis.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give explanation in support of your answer.

Guttation is another name for bleeding in plants.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.

Soaked seeds burst into three seed coats.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give explanation in support of your answer.

If the phloem of a twig is removed keeping the xylem intact, the leaves of a twig wilt.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give explanation in support of your answer.

Guttation in plants occurs maximum at mid-day.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give explanation in support of your answer.

Dry seeds when submerged in water swell up due to endosmosis.

Give two examples of turgor movements in plants. 

Explain the mechanism of closing and opening of the stomata. 

Concentration of mineral nutrient elements is higher inside the root hairs than in the surrounding soil. How do roots take them in from the soil?

Explain how soaked seeds swell up and burst their seed coats. 

Leaves of the sensitive plant wilt and droop down on a slight touch. What mechanism brings about this change?

What is transpiration pull? How is it caused? 

The following diagram represents a plant cell after being placed in a strong sugar solution. 

Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate the following

(1)Cell wall, (2) Strong sugar solution, (3) Protoplasm  (4) Large vacuole,   (5) Nucleus

(1)What is the state of the cell shown in the cell shown in the diagram?

(2)Name the structure which acts as a selectively permeable membrane.

(3)If the cell had been placed in distilled water instead of strong sugar solution, which feature would not have been seen?

 (4)Name any one feature of this plant cell which is not present in an animal cell. 

A leaf cell of a water plant was placed in a liquid other than pond water. After sometime, it assumed a shape as shown below: 

Give the term for the state of the cell it has acquired.

A leaf cell of a water plant was placed in a liquid other than pond water. After sometime, it assumed a shape as shown below:

Comment on the nature (tonicity) of the liquid surrounding the cell.

A leaf cell of a water plant was placed in a liquid other than pond water. After sometime, it assumed a shape as shown below: 

Redraw in the space provided, the diagram of the cell if it is soon placed in ordinary water for some time.

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

Name the process.

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

Define the above named process.

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

what would you observe in the experimental set-up after an hour or so?

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

what control experiment can be set up for comparison? 

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

Keeping in mind the root- hair, cell and its surroundings, name the parts that correspond to

(1) concentrated sugar solution

(2) parchment paper and

(3) water in the beaker.

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

Name any other substance that can be used instead of parchment paper in the above experiment.

The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: 

Mention two advantages of the process to the plants.

The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing a fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: 

Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.

The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing a fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

The root hair cell is in a turgid state. Name and explain the process that caused this state.

The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing a fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

Mention one distinct difference between the parts labelled A and B.

The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing a fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

Draw a diagram of the above root hair cell as it would appear when a concentrated solution of fertilizers is added near it.

Two potato cubes each 1 cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A&B), the container (A) having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and had somewhat decreased in size. Use the above information to answer the questions that follow:

Account for the firmness and increase in the size of the potato cubes placed in water.

Two potato cubes each 1 cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A and B), the container A having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and somewhat decreased in size. Use the above information to answer the questions that follow:

Account for the softness and decrease in size of the potato cubes which were placed in sugar solution.

Two potato cubes each 1 cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A and B), the container A having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and somewhat decreased in size. Use the above information to answer the questions that follow:

Name and define the physical process being investigated in this experiment.

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow : 

(a) Name the process being studied in the above experiment.

(b) Explain the process mentioned in (a) above

(c) Why is oil placed over water?

(d) What do we observe with regard to the level of water when this set up is placed in (1) bright sunlight (2) humid conditions (3) windy day?

(e) Mention any three adaptations found in plants to foster the process mentioned in (a) above

Show by a series of diagrams, the change which a plant cell will undergo when placed in
Hypertonic salt solution

Show by a series of diagrams, the change which a plant cell will undergo when placed in 

Hypotonic salt solution 

Study the experimental setup in the figure and then answer the question that follow.

What phenomenon is being studied by this setup?

Study the experimental setup in the figure and then answer the question that follow.

Explain the phenomenon mention in question 8.1 .

Study the experimental setup in the figure and then answer the question that follow.

What is meant by 'semipermeable membrane'?

Study the experimental setup in the figure and then answer the question that follow.

What will you observe in the setup after about half an hour? Give reasons for your answer.

A candidate in order to study the process of osmosis has taken 3 potato cubes and put them in 3 different beakers containing 3 different solutions. After 24 hours, in the first beaker the potato cube increased in size, in the second beaker the potato cube decreased in size and in the third beaker there was no change in the size of the potato cube. The following diagram shows the result of the same experiment:

(i) Give the technical terms of the solutions used in beakers, 1, 2 and 3.
(ii) In beaker 3, the size of the potato cube remains the same. Explain the reason in brief.
(iii) Write the specific feature of the cell sap of root hairs which helps in absorption of water.
(iv) What is osmosis?
(v) How does a cell wall and a cell membrane differ in their permeability?