NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 12 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Write the structures of the following compounds

α-Methoxypropionaldehyde

Write the structures of the following compounds.

3-Hydroxybutanal

Write the structures of the following compounds.

2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde

Write the structures of the following compounds.

4-Oxopentanal

Write the structures of the following compounds

Di-sec-butyl ketone

Write the structures of the following compounds

4-Fluoroacetophenone

Write the structures of products of the following reactions;

Write the structures of products of the following reactions;

`(C_6H_5CH_2)_2Cd + 2CH_3COCl ->`

Write the structures of products of the following reactions;

Write the structures of products of the following reactions;

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points.

CH₃CHO, CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃OCH₃, CH₃CH₂CH₃

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions

Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone.

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.

Benzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.

Predict the products of the following reactions:

Predict the products of the following reactions

Predict the products of the following reactions:

Predict the products of the following reactions:

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

 PhCH₂CH₂COOH

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

(CH₃)₂C=CHCOOH

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid.

Ethylbenzene 

Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid.

Acetophenone

Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid.

Bromobenzene 

Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid.

Phenylethene (Styrene)

Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

CH₃CO₂H or CH₂FCO₂H

Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

CH₂FCO₂H or CH₂ClCO₂H

Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

CH₂FCH₂CH₂CO₂H or CH₃CHFCH₂CO₂H

Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Schiff’s base

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Cyanohydrin 

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Acetal

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Semicarbazone 

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Aldol

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Hemiacetal

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Oxime

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Ketal 

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

Imine

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.

2,4-DNP-derivative

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CHO

Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature

CH₃CH₂COCH(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂Cl

Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH=CHCHO

Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃COCH₂COCH₃

Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CH₃)₂COCH₃

Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

OHCC₆H₄CHO-p

Draw the structures of the given compound - 3-Methylbutanal

Draw the structures of the given compound - p-Nitropropiophenone

Write the structure of p-methylbenzaldehyde.

Draw the structures of the given compounds - 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one

Write the structure of 4-chloropentan-2-one.

Draw the structures of the given compound - 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid

Draw the structures of given compounds - p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone

Draw the structures of the given compounds - Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common name.

CH₃CO(CH₂)₄CH₃

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.

CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₂CH(CH₃)CHO

Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.

CH₃(CH₂)₅CHO

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common name.

Ph-CH=CH-CHO

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common name

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common name.

PhCOPh

Draw structures of the given derivatives - The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde

Draw structures of the given derivatives - Cyclopropanone oxime

Draw structures of the given derivatives - Acetaldehydedimethylacetal

Draw structures of given derivatives The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone

Draw structures of the given derivatives The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one

Draw structures of the given derivatives The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde.

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.

PhMgBr and then H₃O⁺

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.

Tollens’ reagent

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.

Semicarbazide and weak acid

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.

Excess ethanol and acid

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.

Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid

Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction.

(i) Methanal 

(ii) 2-Methylpentanal

(iii) Benzaldehyde 

(iv) Benzophenone

(v) Cyclohexanone 

(vi) 1-Phenylpropanone

(vii) Phenylacetaldehyde 

(viii) Butan-1-ol

(ix) 2, 2-Dimethylbutanal

How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?

Butane-1, 3-diol 

How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?

But-2-enal

How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?

But-2-enoic acid

Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.

An organic compound with the molecular formula C₉H₁₀O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.

An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C₈H₁₆O₂) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene.Write equations for the reactions involved.

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:

Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:

CH₃CH₂CH(Br)COOH, CH₃CH(Br)CH₂COOH, (CH₃)₂CHCOOH, CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH (acid strength)

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:

Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds

Propanal and Propanone

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

Acetophenone and Benzophenone

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

Phenol and Benzoic acid

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:

Ethanal and Propanal

How will you prepare the given compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom

Methyl benzoate

How will you prepare the given compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom

m-Nitrobenzoic acid

How will you prepare the given compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom

p-Nitrobenzoic acid

How will you prepare the given compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom

Phenylacetic acid

How will you prepare the given compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Propanone to Propene

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol

How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?

Benazaldehyde to α-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

Describe Acetylation

Describe Cannizzaro reaction

Describe Cross aldol condensation

Describe Decarboxylation

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

Give plausible explanation for each of the following:

Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 2, 6 trimethylcyclohexanone does not.

Give plausible explanation for each of the following:

There are two −NH₂ groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.

Give plausible explanation for each of the following:

During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.

An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound

Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than Carboxylate ion, Carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Give two reasons.