Applied Chemistry 2 Semester 2 (FE First Year) BE Electrical Engineering University of Mumbai Topics and Syllabus

• Introduction
• Twelve Principles of Green chemistry
• Numericals on atom economy
• Synthesis
• Adipic acid and indigo.
• Green solvents (ionic liquid supercritical CO2),  and products from natural materials.

• Types of Corrosion 
  • Dry Or Chemical Corrosion Due to Oxygen 
  • Dry Or Chemical Corrosion Due to Other Gases 
  • Wet Or Electrochemical Corrosion- Mechanism Evolution of Hydrogen Type 
  • Wet Or Electrochemical Corrosion- Mechanism Absorption of Oxygen 
• Types of Electrochemical Corrosion- Galvanic Cell Corrosion 
• Types of Electrochemical Corrosion Concentration Cell Corrosion 
• Types of Electrochemical Corrosion Pitting Corrosion 
• Types of Electrochemical Corrosion Intergranular Corrosion 
• Types of Electrochemical Corrosion Stress Corrosion 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion- Nature of Metal 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Position of Metal in Galvanic Series 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Potential Difference 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Overvoltage 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Relative Area of Anodic and Cathodic Parts 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Purity of Metal 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Nature of the Corrosion Product 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Temperature 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Moisture 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Influence of Ph 
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion Concentration of the Electrolytes 
• Methods to Decrease the Rate of Corrosion Material Selection 
• Methods to Decrease the Rate of Corrosion Proper Designing 
• Methods to Decrease the Rate of Corrosion Use of Inhibitors 
• Cathodic Protection Sacrificial Anodic Protection 
• Cathodic Protection Impressed Current Method 
• Cathodic Protection Anodic Protection Method 
• Metallic Coatings 

  Metallic coatings- hot dipping- galvanizing and tinning, metal cladding, metal spraying, Electroplating, Cementation.

• Organic Coatings 

  Organic coatings – Paints (only constituents and their functions).

Corrosion:
Introduction: Types of Corrosion- (I) Dry or Chemical Corrosion-i) Due to oxygen ii) Due to other gases (II) Wet or Electrochemical corrosion- Mechanism i) Evolution of hydrogen-type ii) Absorption of oxygen. Types of Electrochemical Corrosion- Galvanic cell corrosion, Concentration cell corrosion (differential aeration), Pitting corrosion, Intergranular corrosion, Stress corrosion. Factors affecting the rate of corrosion- Nature of metal, the position of the metal in galvanic series, potential difference, overvoltage, the relative area of anodic and cathodic parts, purity of metal, nature of the corrosion product, temperature, moisture, influence of pH, the concentration of the electrolytes. Methods to decrease the rate of corrosionMaterial selection, Proper designing, Use of inhibitors, Cathodic protection- i) Sacrificial anodic protection ii) Impressed current method, Anodic protection method, Metallic coatings- hot dipping- galvanizing and tinning, metal cladding, metal spraying, Electroplating, Cementation. Organic coatings – Paints (only constituents and their functions).

• Purpose of Making Alloys 
• Ferrous Alloys 
• Plain Carbon Steel 
• Heat Resisting Steels 
• Stainless Steels 

  stainless steels (corrosion resistant steels)

• Effect of the Alloying Element- Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo,W and V 
• Non-ferrous Alloys 
  • Composition, Properties and Uses Of- Alloys of Aluminium 

    i)Duralumin ii) Magnalium

  • Composition, properties and uses of Alloys of Cu 

    (I) Brasses-i) Commercial brass ii) German silver,
    (II) Bronzes- i) Gunmetal ii) High phosphorous bronze

  • Composition, Properties and Uses of Alloys of Pb 

    i) Wood’s metal ii)Tinmann’s solder.

• Powder Metallurgy 

  Introduction

  • Methods of Powder Metal Formation 

    i) Mechanical pulverization ii) Atomization iii) Chemical reduction iv)Electrolytic process v) Decomposition

  • Mixing and Blending 
  • Sintering 
  • Compacting 

    i) Cold pressing ii) Powder injection moulding (iii) Hot compaction

  • Applications of Powder Metallurgy 
• Shape Memory Alloys 

  Definition, properties and Uses

Introduction, purpose of making alloys, Ferrous alloys, plain carbon steel, heat resisting steels, stainless steels (corrosion resistant steels), effect of the alloying element- Ni, Cr, Co,
Mn, Mo,W and V;
Non-Ferrous alloys- Composition, properties and uses of- Alloys of Aluminium- i) Duralumin ii) Magnalium. Alloys of Cu- (I) Brasses-i) Commercial brass ii) German silver, (II) Bronzes- i) Gun metal ii) High phosphorous bronze. Alloys of Pb- i) Wood’s metal ii) Tinmann’s solder. Powder Metallurgy- Introduction, 1)Methods of powder metal formation- i) Mechanical pulverization ii) Atomization iii) Chemical reduction iv) Electrolytic process v) Decomposition (2) Mixing and blending. (3) Sintering (4)
Compacting- i) Cold pressing ii) Powder injection moulding (iii) Hot compaction.
Applications of powder metallurgy.
Shape Memory Alloys- Definition, properties and Uses.

• Fuels 

  Definition, classification of fuels-solid, liquid and gaseous

  • Characteristics of a Good Fuel 
• Calorific Value 

  Definition

  • Gross Or Higher Calorific Value 
  • Net Or Lower Calorific Value 
  • Units of Heat (No Conversions) 
  • Dulong’S Formula 

    numerical for calculations of Gross and Net calorific values

• Solid Fuels 
  • Analysis of Coal 
  • Proximate and Ultimate Analysis with Significance and Numericals 
• Liquid Fuels 
  • Crude Petroleum Oil 

    composition and classification and mining (in brief)

  • Refining of Crude Oil 

    - i) Separation of water ii) Separation of ‘S’ & iii) Fractional Distillation with diagram and composition and uses the table.

• Cracking 

  Definition

• Types of Cracking 
  • Thermal cracking 

    (i) Liquid phase thermal cracking (ii) Vapour phase thermal cracking.

  • Catalytic Cracking 

    (i) Fixed-bed catalytic cracking (ii) Moving-bed catalytic cracking.

• Advantages of Catalytic Cracking 
• Petrol 

  Refining of petrol, unleaded petrol ( use of MTBE), Catalytic converter, Power alcohol, Knocking, Octane number, Cetane number, Antiknocking agents.

• Combustion 

  Calculations for the requirement of only oxygen and air (by weight and by volume only) for given solid & gaseous fuels.

• Biodiesel 
  • Method to Obtain Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils (Trans-esterification) 
  • Advantage and Disadvantages of Biodiesel 
• Fuel Cell 

  Definition

  • Types and Applications of Fuel Cell 

Definition, classification of fuels-solid, liquid and gaseous. Calorific value- Definition, Gross or Higher calorific value & Net or lower calorific value, units of heat (no conversions),
Dulong’s formula & numerical for calculations of Gross and Net calorific values. Characteristics of good fuel.
Solid fuels- Analysis of coal- Proximate and Ultimate Analysis with Significance and numericals
Liquid fuels- Crude petroleum oil, its composition and classification and mining (in brief).
Refining of crude oil- i) Separation of water ii) Separation of ‘S’ & iii) Fractional Distillation with diagram and composition and uses the table.
Cracking- Definition, Types of cracking I) Thermal cracking – (i) Liquid phase thermal cracking (ii) Vapour phase thermal cracking.
II) Catalytic cracking- (i) Fixed-bed catalytic cracking (ii) Moving-bed catalytic cracking. Advantages of Catalytic cracking.
Petrol- Refining of petrol, unleaded petrol ( use of MTBE), Catalytic converter, Power alcohol, Knocking, Octane number, Cetane number, Antiknocking agents.
Combustion- Calculations for the requirement of only oxygen and air (by weight and by volume only) for given solid & gaseous fuels.
Biodiesel- Method to obtain Biodiesel from vegetable oils (Trans-esterification), the advantage and disadvantages of biodiesel.
Fuel cell- Definition, types and applications.

• Composite Materials 

  Introduction

  • Constitution of Composite Materials 

     i) Matrix phase ii) Dispersed phase

  • Characteristic properties of composite materials 
• Classification of Composite Materials 
  • Particle - Reinforced Composites 

    i) Large – particle reinforced composites ii) Dispersion – strengthened composites

  • Fiber – Reinforced Composites 

    i) Continuous – aligned ii) Discontinuous – aligned (short)- (a) aligned (b) randomly oriented

  • Structural Composites 

    i) Laminates (ii) Sandwich Panels

Introduction, Constitution- i) Matrix phase ii) Dispersed phase. Characteristic properties of composite materials. Classification- (A) Particle - reinforced composites- i) Large – particle reinforced composites ii) Dispersion – strengthened composites. (B) Fibre – reinforced composites- i) Continuous – aligned ii) Discontinuous – aligned (short)- (a) aligned (b) randomly oriented (C) Structural Composites- i) Laminates (ii) Sandwich Panels.

• Green Chemistry 

  Introduction

  • Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry 
• Numerical on Atom Economy 
• Conventional and Green Synthesis of Adipic Acid 
• Conventional and Green Synthesis of Indigo 
• Conventional and green synthesis of Ibuprofen 
• Conventional and Green Synthesis of Carbaryl 
• Green Solvents 

  water,supercritical CO₂

• Products from Natural Materials 

Introduction, Twelve Principles of Green chemistry, numerical on atom economy, Conventional and green synthesis of Adipic acid, Indigo, Ibuprofen and Carbaryl. Green solvents (water, supercritical CO2) and products from natural materials.