Maharashtra State Board Syllabus For 9th Standard Science and Technology: Knowing the Syllabus is very important for the students of 9th Standard. Shaalaa has also provided a list of topics that every student needs to understand.
The Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard Science and Technology syllabus for the academic year 2022-2023 is based on the Board's guidelines. Students should read the 9th Standard Science and Technology Syllabus to learn about the subject's subjects and subtopics.
Students will discover the unit names, chapters under each unit, and subtopics under each chapter in the Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard Science and Technology Syllabus pdf 2022-2023. They will also receive a complete practical syllabus for 9th Standard Science and Technology in addition to this.
Academic year:
Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard Science and Technology Revised Syllabus
Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard Science and Technology and their Unit wise marks distribution
Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard Science and Technology Course Structure 2022-2023 With Marking Scheme
Syllabus
1 Laws of Motion
- Motion and Rest
- What is rest?
- What is motion?
- Rest and motion are relative
- Distance and Displacement
- Distance
- Displacement
- Distinction between Distance and Displacement
- Speed and Velocity
- Effect of Speed and Direction on Velocity
- Uniform and Non-uniform Motion
- Acceleration and Retardation
- Acceleration
- Formula of Acceleration
- Unit of Acceleration
- Relation for acceleration
- Types of Acceleration
- Types of Acceleration
- Positive acceleration
- Negative acceleration or Deceleration or Retardation
- Uniform acceleration
- Variable acceleration
- Graphical Representation of Motion
- Displacement - Time Graph Or Distance - Time Graph
- Distance-time graph for uniform motion
- Distance-time graph for non-uniform motion
- Velocity - Time Graphs
- Velocity-time graph for uniform velocity
- Velocity-time graph for uniform acceleration
- Displacement - Time Graph Or Distance - Time Graph
- Equations of Motion by Graphical Method
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Circular motion
- Terms involved in a circular motion
1) Angular displacement
2) Angular Velocity
3) Angular Acceleration
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Time Period of UCM
- Frequency of UCM
- Centripetal acceleration (Radial acceleration)
1) For non-uniform circular motion - Centripetal force
- Centrifugal force
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Principle
2 Work and Energy
- Introduction of Work
- Work
- Application of force
- Two conditions need to be satisfied for work to be done
- Factors affecting the amount of work done
- Concept of Work
- Definition of work
- Units of work
- Relationship between joule and erg
- Positive, Negative, and Zero Work
- Measurement of Work
- Measurement of work
- Expression of work ( W = F S cos θ)
- Positive, Negative, and Zero Work
- Concept of Energy
- Energy is the capacity to do work
- Relationship between work and energy
- Units of energy
- Mechanical Energy and Its Types
- Mechanical Energy
- Types of Mechanical Energy
(1) Potential Energy
(2) Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Factors affecting the kinetic energy of a moving body
- Expression for the Kinetic Energy
- Relationship between kinetic energy and momentum
- Potential Energy
- Potential Energy
- Expression for the potential Energy
- Some examples of potential energy Gravitational potential energy
- Transformation of Energy
- Law of Conservation of Energy
- Free Fall
- Motion of objects under the influence of gravitational force of the earth
- Escape velocity
- Power
- Definition of power
- Unit of power
- Relation between power and velocity
3 Current Electricity
- Electricity
- Potential and Potential Difference
- Potential and Potential Difference
- Difference between Electric Potential and Potential Difference
- Potential difference of a cell
- Relation between electric intensity potential difference
- Free Electrons
- Current flowing through a wire
- Electric Current
- Electric Current
- Unit of Electric Current
- Measurement of electric current
- Example of Electric Current
- Ohm's Law
- Resistance and Resistivity of a Conductor
- Resistivity
- Electric Circuit
- Electric circuit
- Circuit Diagram
- The flow of electricity in a circuit
- Arrangement of Circuits: Open Circuit and Closed
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Inside view of torch
- Components of Electric Circuits
- Symbols of Electric Components
- Conductors and Insulators
- Conductors
- Insulators (Non-Conductors)
- Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
- Electric circuit for verification of Ohm's law
- Procedure
- Observations
- V-I graph
- Slope of V-I graph
- System of Resistors
- Domestic Electrical Connections
- Domestic Electrical Connections
- Fuse Wire
- Precautions to Be Taken While Using Electricity
4 Measurement of Matter
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- How big are atoms?
- How do atoms exist?
- Atomic Mass
- Atomic mass
- Gram atomic mass
- Average atomic mass
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Molecules of Elements and Compounds
- Molecular Mass
- Molecular mass
- Characteristics of molecular mass
- Gram molecular mass
- Mole Concept
- Avogadro’s Number
- Valency
- Variable Valency
- Molecular Formula of an Compounds
- Ions (Radicals) and Its Types
- Radicals
- Types of Radicals
- Basic radical
- Acid radical
5 Acids, Bases and Salts
- Introduction to Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Ionic Compounds
- Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
- Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases
- Classification of Acids
- Classification of Acids
- Depending on their sources
(a) Organic acids
(b) Inorganic acids (mineral acids) - Depending on their basicity
(a) Monobasic acids
(b) Dibasic acids
(c) Tribasic acids
- Classification of Bases (Alkalis)
- Classification of Bases (alkalis)
- Based on Ionisation
(a) A strong alkali
(b) A weak alkali - On the basis of their basicity
(a) Monoacidic base
(b) Diacidic base
(c) Triacidic base - Based on concentration
(a) Concentrated Alkali
(b) Dilute Alkali
- Ph of Solution
- Universal Indicators
- Neutralization Reaction
- Reactions of Acids
- Reaction of acids with metals.
- Reaction of acids with oxides of metals.
- Reaction of acids with carbonates and bicarbonates of metals.
- Reactions of Bases
- Reaction of bases with oxides of non-metals.
- Salts
- Salts
- Family of Salts
- pH of Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Normal Salts
- Acid Salts
- Basic Salts
- Double Salts
- Mixed salts
- Complex salts
- Water of Crystallization
- Water of Crystallization
- Experiment: To show that hydrated copper sulphate crystals (blue vitriol) contain water of crystallisation.
- Determination of water of crystallisation
- Ionic Compounds and Electrical Conductivity
- Dissociation of Ions and Electrical Conductivity
- Electrolysis
- Electrolysis
- Characteristics of Electrolysis
1. Electrolytic dissociation
2. Ionisation - Comparison of Ionisation and dissociation
- Electrolysis of Water
6 Classification of Plants
- Classification
- Classification
- Why do we classify things?
- Need for Classification
- Advantage of Classification
- Basis for Classification of Plants
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Plantae
- Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae
- Cryptogams
- Phanerogams: Flowering Plants
- Phanerogams
- Types of Phanerogams
- Gymnosperm
- Angiosperms
- Comparison of Gymnosperm with Angiosperms
7 Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
- Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
- Food Chain
a) Grazing food chain (GFC)
b) Detritus Food Chain (DFC) - Food Web
- Trophic level
a) Producers
b) Herbivores (Primary consumer)
c) Carnivores (Secondary consumer)
d) Top carnivores (Tertiary consumer)
- Food Chain
- Food Chain
- Food chain
- Importance of food chain
- Food Web
- Food web
- Advantage of Food web
- Energy Pyramid
- Biogeochemical Cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Nitrogen fixation
- Nitrogen assimilation
- Ammonification
- Nitrification
- Denitrification
- Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
8 Useful and Harmful Microbes
- Microorganisms (Microbes) and Microbiology
- Useful Microorganisms
- Antibiotics
- Antibiotic
- Discovery of Penicillin
- Sources of antibiotics
- Uses of antibiotics
- Harmful Microorganisms
- Fungi
- Clostridium
- Other Harmful Microorganisms
- The spread and prevention of disease
9 Environmental Management
- Weather and Climate
- Importance of Weather in the Living World
- Meteorology
- Meteorology
- India Meteorological Department
- Monsoon model and climate prediction
- Solid Waste Management
- Waste and Its Categories
- Waste
- Categories of Waste
- Domestic waste
- Industrial waste
- Agricultural waste
- Municipal waste
- e-waste (electronic waste)
- Science teaching and research laboratories wastes
- Biological waste
- Non Biological waste
- Waste Separation Exercise
- Harmful effects of solid waste
- Five R’s of Waste Management
- Disaster Management
- Disaster management
- Objectives of Disaster Management
- First Aid and Emergency Action
- First Aid kit
10 Information Communication Technology
- Information Communication Technology
- Information communication technology
- Devices used in information communication technology
- Computer
- Parts of Computer and Its Functions
- Components of a Computer
- Input Unit.
- Output Unit.
- Memory Unit.
- Control Unit.
- Arithmetical and Logical Unit
- Computer Hardware and Software
- Microsoft Word
- Microsoft Excel
- Microsoft Powerpoint
- Importance of information communication in science and technology
- Demonstration
- Prediction
- Collecting scientific information
- Opportunities in the field of computers
11 Reflection of Light
- Introduction to Light
- Ray optics
- Reflection
- Angle of deviation due to reflection
- Image formation in plane mirror
- Characteristics of the image formed by plane mirror
- Real and virtual images by a plane mirror
- Mirrors and Its Types
- Spherical Mirrors
- Spherical Mirrors
- Terms related to Spherical Mirrors
- Center of Curvature (C)
- Pole (P)
- Radius of Curvature (R)
- Principal Axis
- Focus (F)
- Focal length (f)
- Principal section
- Aperture
- Plane Mirror and Reflection
- Plane Mirror and Reflection
- Characteristic of the image formed by a plane mirror
- Uses of a plane mirror
- Rules for the Construction of Image Formed by a Spherical Mirror
- Rules for the construction of image formed by a spherical mirror
- Convenient rays
- A ray passing through the centre of curvature
- A ray parallel to the principal axis
- A ray passing through the focus
- A ray incident at the pole
- Concave Mirror
- Concave Mirror
- Application of Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
- Ray diagram for the images formed by concave mirror
- Convex Mirror
- Convex Mirror
- Uses of convex mirrors
- Image Formation by Convex Mirror
- Ray diagram for the images formed by Convex mirror
- Divergence and Convergence of Light
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Mirror Equation/Formula
- Linear Magnification (M) Due to Spherical Mirrors
12 Study of Sound
- Sound
- Sound
- Types of Sound
- Longitudinal wave
- Transverse wave
- Categories of sound waves based on their frequencies
- Audible waves
- Infrasonic waves
- Ultrasonic waves
- Propagation of Sound
- Characteristics of a Sound Wave
- Frequency
- Amplitude (A)
- Time period (T)
- Wavelength (λ)
- Wave velocity
- Pitch
- Speed of Sound (Velocity of Sound)
- Speed of Sound
- Particle velocity
- Wave velocity
- Speed of Sound in Different Media
- Properties of Sounds
- Audibility and Range
- Audibility and Range
- Audible sound
- Infrasonic sound
- Ultrasonic sound
- Audibility and Range
- Reflection of Sound
- Reflection of Sound
- Reflection of sound in a different medium
- Reflection at the boundary of a denser medium
- Reflection at the boundary of a rarer medium
- Reflection of sound in the plane and curved surfaces
- Echoes
- Echoes
- Conditions necessary for hearing echo
- Measuring velocity of sound by echo method
- Applications of echo
- Reverberation
- SONAR
- Sonography
- Human Ear
- Structure of Human Ear
- Mechanism of Human ear
13 Carbon : An Important Element
- Carbon: a Versatile Element
- Carbon
- Versatile nature of Carbon
- Occurrence of carbon
- Properties of Carbon
- Allotropy and Allotropes of Carbon
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Coal
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Cock
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Charcoal
- Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons
- Characteristics of Hydrocarbons
- Classification of Hydrocarbon
- Solubility of Carbon
- Reaction of Carbon
- Reaction of carbon with oxygen
- Carbon Dioxide
- Preparation of Carbon Dioxide
- Properties of Carbon Dioxide
- Uses of Carbon Dioxide
- Fire Extinguisher
- Methane
- Methane
- Occurrence of Methane
- Structure of methane
- Physical Properties of methane
- Chemical Properties of methane
- Uses of Methane
- Properties of Methane
- Physical properties of methane
- Chemical properties of methane
1) Methane
2) Chlorination
- Uses of Methane
- Biogas Plant
14 Substances in Common Use
- Introducing Various Substances in Our Daily Life
- Important Salts in Daily Life
- Some Crystalline Salts
- Some crystalline salts
- Some substances in our daily use which contain water of crystallization
- Soap
- Soap
- Types of soaps
- Hard soaps
- Soft soaps
- Manufacture of soap
- Effect of hard water on soap
- Radioactivity
- Radioactivity: Radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon
- Discovery of radioactivity
- Units of Radioactivity
- Nature of radioactive radiation
- Radioisotopes
- Types of Radioactivity
- Types of Radioactivity
- Natural Radioactivity
- Artificial (or) Induced Radioactivity
- Characteristics of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays
- Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
- Hazards of Radioactive Substances and Radiation
- Some Chemical Substances in Day to Day Life
- Food colours and essences
- Dye
- Artificial colours
- Deodorant
- Teflon
- Powder coating
- Anodizing
- Ceramic: Porcelain, Bone china, Advanced ceramics
15 Life Processes in Living Organisms
- Transportation in Living Organisms
- Transportation in Plant
- Transportation of Water in Plants
- Root pressure (Absorption with the help of roots)
- Transpiration pull (Transpiration through Leaves)
- Transportation of Food and Other Substances in Plants
- Excretion: Substances to Be Eliminated
- Excretion
- Excretory organ
- Substances to be eliminated
- Excretion in Plants
- Human Excretory System
- Kidneys
- Sweat glands
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
- Lungs
- Kidneys
⇒ V.S. of kidney shows that there are two distinct regions:
1) Renal Cortex
2) Renal Medulla - Nephron
⇒ Structure of nephron: Glomerulus, Renal Tubule
1) Bowman's capsule (Glomerular capsule)
2) Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
3) Loop of Henle
4) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
5) Collecting tubule (CT)
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Control and Co-ordination
- Coordination
- Types of coordination
- Nervous coordination
- Chemical coordination
- Control and Co-ordination in Plants
- Control and Co-ordination in Animals
- Nervous Control
- Nervous control
- Neurons (Nerve cells)
- Types of nerve cells (Neurons)
- Human Nervous System
- Human Nervous system
- Need of Nervous System
- Components of Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Structure of Human Brain
- Three main parts:
- Cerebrum (cerebrum: brain)
- Cerebellum ("little brain")
- Medulla Oblongata
- Three Primary Regions of the Brain:
- Forebrain
- Mid brain
- Hindbrain
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Types of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Emotions and autonomic nervous system
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Reflex action
- Chemical Control
16 Heredity and Variation
- Inheritance
- Inheritance
- Chromosomes and Mechanism of inheritance
- Heredity
- Heredity
- Heredity change
- Inherited Traits and Expression of Traits
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Chromosomes
- Discovery of Chromosomes
- Function of Chromosomes
- Number of Chromosomes
- Structure of a Chromosome
- Chromosomes in Homologous Pair
- Types of Chromosomes
- Types of Chromosomes based on the position of Centromere
- Telocentric
- Acrocentric
- Submetacentric
- Metacentric
- Types of Chromosomes based on function
- Autosomes
- Allosomes
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Its Structure
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- The Discovery of DNA
- Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- Mendelian Inheritance - Mendel’s Laws of Heredity
- Law of Dominance
- Law of segregation (Law of purity of gametes)
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Inheritance of One Gene (Monohybrid Cross)
- Inheritance of one gene
- Representation of a gene
- Inheritance of Two Genes (Dihybrid Cross)
- Inheritance of two genes
- Dihybrid cross
- Genetic Disorder
- Disorders due to chromosomal abnormalities
- Diseases occuring due to mutation in single gene (monogenic disorders)
- Mitochondrial disorder
- Disorders due to mutations in multiple genes : (Polygenic disorders)
17 Introduction to Biotechnology
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial Tissue
- Location and Structure
- Types of Epithelial Tissue
- Simple epithelium Tissue
1. Squamous epithelial tissue
2. Cuboidal epithelial tissue
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Ciliated epithelium
5. Glandular epithelium
6. Sensory epithelial tissue
7. Germinal epithelial tissue - Compound epithelial tissue
a. Stratified epithelium
b. Transitional epithelium
- Cell junctions
Types of Cell junction
- Tight junctions (TJs)
- Hemidesmosomes (HDs)
- Gap Junctions (GJs)
- Adherens Junctions (AJs)
- Desmosomes (Ds)
- Connective Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Types of connective tissue
- Loose connective tissue
1) Areolar tissue
2) Adipose tissue - Dense connective tissue
1) Dense regular connective tissues
2) Dense irregular connective tissues - Specialised (supporting) connective tissue
1) Cartilage
a) Hyaline cartilage
b) Elastic cartilage
c) Fibrocartilage
d) Calcified cartilage
2) Bone
3) Blood - Fluid Connective tissue (Vascular)
- Muscular Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Types of muscles
1) Skeletal muscles
2) Smooth or Non-striated muscles,
3) Cardiac Muscles
- Epithelial Tissue
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Classification of Meristem
- Primordial meristem or promeristem
- Apical meristems
- Intercalary meristematic
- Lateral meristem
- Function of Meristem
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Biotechnology
- Biotechnology
- Phases of biotechnology
- Traditional biotechnology
- Modern biotechnology
- European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB)
- Areas include Biotechnology
- Benefits of Biotechnology
- Development of Biotechnology in India
- Tissue Culture
- Tissue Culture
- Micropropagation (Clonal Propagation)
- Advantages of microporpagation
- Commercial Applications of Biotechnology
- Crop Biotechnology
a) Hybrid Seeds
b) Genetically Modified Crops - Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal, Golden Rice, Herbicide tolerant plants
c) Biofertilizers - Animal Husbandry
- Human Health
a) Vaccines and Vaccination - Edible Vaccines
b) Treatment
c) Interferon
d) Gene therapy
e) Cloning - Reproductive cloning, Therapeutic cloning - Industrial Products / White Biotechnology
- Environment and Biotechnology
- Food Biotechnology
- DNA fingerprinting
- Crop Biotechnology
- Agritourism
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock)
- Animal Husbandry
- Role of Animal Husbandry in Human Welfare
- Advantages of Animal Husbandry
- Management of farms and farm animals
- Dairy Farming
- Dairy farm management
- Composition of Cattle Feed
- Feed Management
- Improvement of Livestock Development in India
- Diseases
- Uses of Dairy Farming
- Poultry Farming
- Poultry Farming
- Poultry Feeding
- Poultry Disease
- Poultry product
- Uses of Poultry Farming
- Poultry management
- Sericulture
- Sericulture
- The life cycle of silk moth (Mulberry silkworm)
- Uses of Sericulture
18 Observing Space : Telescopes
- Introduction to Observation of Space
- Different Forms of Light
- Telescope
- Telescope
- Types of Telescope
1) Optical Telescope
2) Radio Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Optical Telescope
- Types of optical telescope
- Refracting telescope: Refracting-type telescopes, Magnifying power of a refracting telescope (M)
- Reflecting telescope: Reflecting type telescope, Magnifying power of reflecting telescope
- Astronomical Telescope
- Terrestrial Telescope
- Benefits of reflecting telescope over refractive
- Types of Telescope: Radio Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Telescopes Used in Space
- Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
- Astrosat
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