Maharashtra State Board Syllabus For 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology: Knowing the Syllabus is very important for the students of 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी]. Shaalaa has also provided a list of topics that every student needs to understand.
The Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology syllabus for the academic year 2022-2023 is based on the Board's guidelines. Students should read the 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology Syllabus to learn about the subject's subjects and subtopics.
Students will discover the unit names, chapters under each unit, and subtopics under each chapter in the Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology Syllabus pdf 2022-2023. They will also receive a complete practical syllabus for 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology in addition to this.
Academic year:
Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology Revised Syllabus
Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology and their Unit wise marks distribution
Maharashtra State Board 9th Standard [इयत्ता ९ वी] Science and Technology Course Structure 2022-2023 With Marking Scheme
Syllabus
1 Laws of Motion
- Motion and Rest
- What is rest?
- What is motion?
- Rest and motion are relative
- Distance and Displacement
- Distance
- Displacement
- Distinction between Distance and Displacement
- Speed
- Speed
- Formula of Speed
- Unit of Speed
- Examples of Speed
- Types of Speed
- Types of Speed
- Uniform Speed
- Non-Uniform speed
- Instantaneous Speed
- Average Speed
- Velocity
- Velocity
- Formula of Velocity
- Unit of Velocity
- Examples of Velocity
- Types of Velocity
- Types of Velocity
- Uniform Velocity
- Non-Uniform Velocity
- Instantaneous Velocity
- Average Velocity
- Acceleration and Retardation
- Acceleration
- Formula of Acceleration
- Unit of Acceleration
- Relation for acceleration
- Types of Acceleration
- Types of Acceleration
- Positive acceleration
- Negative acceleration or Deceleration or Retardation
- Uniform acceleration
- Variable acceleration
- Graphical Representation of Linear Motion
- Equations of Motion by Graphical Method
- Uniform Circular Motion
- Period, Radius Vector and Angular Speed
- Expression for Centripetal Acceleration
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Newton’s first law of motion
- Force
- Types of forces
- Resultant Force
- Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
- Newton's Second Law of Motion
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion in Terms of Rate of Change of Momentum
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Principle
2 Work and Energy
- Introduction of Work
- Work
- Application of force
- Two conditions need to be satisfied for work to be done
- Factors affecting the amount of work done
- Definition of Work
- Definition of work
- Units of work
- Relationship between joule and erg
- Measurement of Work
- Measurement of work
- Expression of work ( W = F S cos θ)
- Positive, Negative, and Zero Work
- Concept of Energy
- Energy is the capacity to do work
- Relationship between work and energy
- Units of energy
- Mechanical Energy and Its Different Forms
- Mechanical Energy
- Types of Mechanical Energy
- Potential Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- The distinction between the potential energy and kinetic energy
- Types of Mechanical Energy: Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Factors affecting the kinetic energy of a moving body
- Expression for the Kinetic Energy
- Relationship between kinetic energy and momentum
- Work-energy theorem
- Types of Mechanical Energy: Potential Energy
- Potential Energy
- Expression for the potential Energy
- Some examples of potential energy Gravitational potential energy
- Transformation of Energy
- Conversion of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
- Mechanical energy to electrical energy
- Electrical energy to mechanical energy
- Electrical energy to heat energy
- Heat energy to electrical energy
- Electrical energy to sound energy
- Sound energy to electrical energy
- Electrical energy to chemical energy
- Chemical energy to electrical energy
- Chemical energy to light energy
- Light energy to chemical energy
- Electrical energy to light energy
- Light energy to electrical energy
- Heat energy to mechanical energy
- Chemical energy to heat energy
- Chemical energy to mechanical energy
- Electrical energy to magnetic energy
- Nuclear energy to electrical energy
- Mechanical energy to heat energy
- Law of Conservation of Energy
- Free Fall
- Motion of objects under the influence of gravitational force of the earth
- Escape velocity
- Concept of Power
- Power
- Unit of Power
3 Current Electricity
- Electricity
- Electric Potential (Electrostatic Potential) and Potential Difference
- Electric Potential
- Electric Potential Difference
- Unit of electric Potential and Potential Difference
- Difference between Electric Potential and Potential Difference
- Flow of Charges (Electrons) Between Conductor
- Direction of the Electric Current - Conventional and Electronic Flow
- Electric Current
- Electric Current
- Unit of Electric Current
- Measurement of electric current
- Example of Electric Current
- Resistance (R)
- Resistance (R)
- Cause of resistance
- Factors affecting the resistance of a conductor
- Ohm's Law
- Ohm's law
- Statement of Ohm's law
- Unit of resistance
- Conductance
- I-V graph
- Slope of I-V graph
- Limitation of Ohm's law
- Electrical Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity
- Electrical Resistivity
- Unit of specific resistance
- Factors affecting the specific resistance
- Conductance and Conductivity
- Electric Circuit
- Electric circuit
- Circuit Diagram
- The flow of electricity in a circuit
- Arrangement of Circuits: Open Circuit and Closed
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Inside view of torch
- Components of Electric Circuits
- Symbols of Electric Components
- Conductors and Insulators
- Conductors
- Insulators (Non-Conductors)
- Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
- Electric circuit for verification of Ohm's law
- Procedure
- Observations
- V-I graph
- Slope of V-I graph
- System of Resistors
- Difference between series and parallel connections
- Earthing (Grounding)
- Local earthing
- Safety by the local earthing
- Earthing of an appliance
- Safety by earthing of an appliance
- Electric Fuse
- Electric fuse
- Purpose of fuse
- Characteristic of a fuse
- Working of a fuse
- Reason for connecting the fuse in the live wire
- Current rating of a fuse
- Precautions to Be Taken While Using Electricity
4 Measurement of Matter
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- How big are atoms?
- How do atoms exist?
- Atomic Size
- Atomic Mass
- Mass Number (A) or Atomic Mass
- Types of Atomic Mass
- Average Atomic Mass (AAM)
- Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) or Atomic Weight)
- Gram atomic mass
- Valency and Its Types
- Valency
- Types of Valency
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Molecules of Elements
- Molecules of Compounds
- Molecular Mass
- Molecular Mass
- Types of Molecular Mass
- Relative Molecular Mass (RMM) or Molecular weight
- Gram Molecular Mass
- Mole Concept
- Mole
- Mole Concept
- Mole of atoms
- Mole of molecules
- Molar volume
- Calculation of number of moles by Different modes
- Variable Valency
- Electrovalent (or Ionic) Bond
- Ionic Bond
- Electrovalent Bond
- Electronegativity and Ionic Bonding
- Ionic Bond Properties
- Characteristics of Ionic compounds
- Examples of Ionic Bonds
- Ions and It’s Types
- Radicals and Its Types
- Radicals
- Types of Radicals
- Basic radical
- Acid radical
- Chemical Formula Or Molecular Formula
- Chemical formula or Molecular formula
- Significance of molecular formula
- Molecular Formula of an Compounds
- Writing Chemical Formulae
- Criss-cross method
- Formation of compounds
5 Acids, Bases and Salts
- Electrovalent (or Ionic) Bond
- Ionic Bond
- Electrovalent Bond
- Electronegativity and Ionic Bonding
- Ionic Bond Properties
- Characteristics of Ionic compounds
- Examples of Ionic Bonds
- Formation of an Electrovalent (or Ionic) Bond
- Conditions for the formation of an electrovalent (or ionic) bond
- Why Are Ionic Compounds Stable?
- Structures of some electrovalent compounds
- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)
- Calcium oxide (CaO)
- Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
- Dissociation of salt in aqueous solution
- Arrhenius theory of acids and bases
- Acids
- Acids
- Examples of acids
- Classification of Acids
- Classification of Acids
- Depending on their sources
(a) Organic acids
(b) Inorganic acids (mineral acids) - Depending on their basicity
(a) Monobasic acids
(b) Dibasic acids
(c) Tribasic acids
- Bases (Alkalis)
- Bases (Alkalis)
- Basic oxide
- Basic hydroxide
- Classification of Bases (Alkalis)
- Classification of Bases (alkalis)
- Based on Ionisation
(a) A strong alkali
(b) A weak alkali - On the basis of their basicity
(a) Monoacidic base
(b) Diacidic base
(c) Triacidic base - Based on concentration
(a) Concentrated Alkali
(b) Dilute Alkali
- Strength of Acidic or Basic Solutions
- pH Scale
- Importance of pH in Everyday Life
- Indicators
- Types of Double Displacement: Neutralization Reaction
- Properties of Acids
- Properties of Acids
- Physical properties of Acids
- Taste
- Physical state
- Effect on skin
- Colours of indicators
- Chemical properties of Acids
- Reaction with active metals
- Reaction with bases - Neutralisation
- Decomposition of hydrogen carbonates and carbonates
- Decomposition of sulphites and bisulphites
- Decomposition of sulphides
- Reaction with chlorides and nitrates
- Reaction with metal oxide
- Properties of Bases (Alkalis)
- Properties of Bases (Alkalis)
- Physical properties of Bases (Alkalis)
- Chemical properties of Bases (Alkalis)
- Reaction with metals
- Reaction with non-metal oxides
- Reaction with ammonium salts
- Salts
- Salts
- Family of Salts
- pH of Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Normal Salts
- Acid Salts
- Basic Salts
- Double Salts
- Mixed salts
- Complex salts
- Water of Crystallization
- Water of Crystallization
- Experiment: To show that hydrated copper sulphate crystals (blue vitriol) contain water of crystallisation.
- Determination of water of crystallisation
- Ionic Compounds and Electrical Conductivity
- Dissociation of Ions and Electrical Conductivity
- Electrolysis
- Electrolysis
- Characteristics of Electrolysis
1. Electrolytic dissociation
2. Ionisation - Comparison of Ionisation and dissociation
- Electrolysis of Water
6 Classification of Plants
- Biodiversity
- Biological Classification
- Biological classification
- Dichotomous key
- Features of dichotomous key
- Dichotomy of Animals
- Classification
- Classification
- Why do we classify things?
- Need for Classification
- Advantage of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Phylum
- Kingdom
- New Criteria for Basis of Classification
- Levels of organisation
- Cellular level of organisation
- Tissue level of organisation
- Organ system level of organisation
- Diploblastic and Triploblastic organisation
- Patterns of symmetry
- Coelom
- Segmentation and Notochord
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Plantea
- Characteristic of Kingdom Plantea
- Classification of Kingdom Plantea
- Phanerogams: Flowering Plants
- Phanerogams
- Types of Phanerogams
- Gymnosperm
- Angiosperms
- Comparison of Gymnosperm with Angiosperms
7 Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
- Ecosystem
- Ecosystem
- Types of Ecosystem
- Natural Ecosystem
- Artificial Ecosystem
- Structure of an Ecosystem
- Biotic Components
- Producers
- Primary consumers
- Secondary consumers
- Tertiary consumers
- Abiotic Components
- Sunlight
- Air
- Water
- Temperature
- Soil
- Interaction between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem
- Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
- Classification of Animal
- Animal and their food
- Classification of animal on the basis of food
- Herbivores
- Carnivores
- Omnivores
- Scavengers
- Decomposers
- Food Chain
- Food chain
- Importance of food chain
- Food Web
- Food web
- Advantage of Food web
- Tropic Level
- First Trophic level (Photoautotrophs)
- Second trophic level (Herbivores)
- Third trophic level (Carnivores)
- Fourth Trophic level (Top carnivore)
- Energy Pyramid
- Biogeochemical Cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Nitrogen fixation
- Nitrogen assimilation
- Ammonification
- Nitrification
- Denitrification
- Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
8 Useful and Harmful Microbes
9 Environmental Management
- Weather
- Climate
- Factor Affecting Weather and Climate
- Meteorology
- Monsoon Model and Climate Prediction
- Solid Waste Management
- Waste and Its Categories
- Waste
- Categories of Waste
- Domestic waste
- Industrial waste
- Agricultural waste
- Municipal waste
- e-waste (electronic waste)
- Science teaching and research laboratories wastes
- Biological waste
- Non Biological waste
- Waste Separation Exercise
- Harmful effects of solid waste
- Five R’s of Waste Management
- Disaster Management
- First Aid and Emergency Action
- First Aid kit
10 Information Communication Technology
11 Reflection of Light
- Light
- Reflection of Light
- Reflection of Light
- How do we see an object?
- Types of Reflection
- Types of Reflection
- Regular reflection
- Irregular reflection
- Mirrors and Its Types
- Plane Mirror and Reflection
- Plane Mirror and Reflection
- Characteristic of the image formed by a plane mirror
- Uses of a plane mirror
- Lateral Inversion
- Spherical Mirrors
- Spherical Mirrors
- Terms related to Spherical Mirrors
- Center of Curvature
- Pole
- Radius of Curvature
- Principal Axis
- Focus
- Focal length
- Divergence and Convergence of Light
- Rules for the Construction of Image Formed by a Spherical Mirror
- Rules for the construction of image formed by a spherical mirror
- Convenient rays
- A ray passing through the centre of curvature
- A ray parallel to the principal axis
- A ray passing through the focus
- A ray incident at the pole
- Concave Mirror
- Concave Mirror
- Application of Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
- Ray diagram for the images formed by concave mirror
- Convex Mirror
- Convex Mirror
- Uses of convex mirrors
- Image Formation by Convex Mirror
- Ray diagram for the images formed by Convex mirror
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Mirror equation/Formula
- Linear Magnification (M) Due to Spherical Mirrors
12 Study of Sound
- Sound
- Sound
- Types of Sound
- Longitudinal wave
- Transverse wave
- Categories of sound waves based on their frequencies
- Audible waves
- Infrasonic waves
- Ultrasonic waves
- Propagation of Sound
- Characteristics of a Sound Wave
- Frequency
- Amplitude (A)
- Time period (T)
- Wavelength (λ)
- Wave velocity
- Pitch
- Speed of Sound (Velocity of Sound)
- Speed of Sound
- Particle velocity
- Wave velocity
- Speed of Sound in Different Media
- Properties of Sounds
- Audibility and Range
- Audibility and Range
- Audible sound
- Infrasonic sound
- Ultrasonic sound
- Audibility and Range
- Ultrasonic Sound Or Ultrasound
- Ultrasonic Sound or Ultrasound
- Applications of ultrasonic waves
- Difference between ultrasonic and supersonic
- Reflection of Sound
- Reflection of Sound
- Reflection of sound in a different medium
- Reflection at the boundary of a denser medium
- Reflection at the boundary of a rarer medium
- Reflection of sound in the plane and curved surfaces
- Echoes
- Echoes
- Conditions necessary for hearing echo
- Measuring velocity of sound by echo method
- Applications of echo
- Reverberation
- SONAR
- Sonography
- Human Ear
- Structure of Human Ear
- Mechanism of Human ear
13 Carbon : An Important Element
- Carbon: a Versatile Element
- Carbon
- Versatile nature of Carbon
- Occurrence of carbon
- Physical Properties of Carbon Compound
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compound
- Special Features of Carbon
- Catenation
- Tetravalency
- Multiple Bonds
- Isomerism
- Allotropy
- Crystalline forms of Carbon
- Non-crystalline / Amorphous forms
- Allotropy and Allotropes of Carbon
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Coal
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Cock
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Charcoal
- Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons
- Characteristics of Hydrocarbons
- Classification of Hydrocarbon
- The Covalent Bond
- Covalent Bond
- Covalent Bonding can be Achieved in two Ways
- Covalent Bonding in Carbon Atom
- Properties of Covalent Bond
- Polar Covalent Bond
- Non-polar Covalent Bond
- Polarization of Covalent Bonds
- Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
- Solubility of Carbon
- Carbon Dioxide
- Preparation of Carbon Dioxide
- Laboratory Preparation of Carbon Dioxide
- Properties of Carbon Dioxide
- Importance of Carbon Dioxide
- Fire Extinguisher
- Methane
- Methane
- Occurrence of Methane
- Structure of methane
- Physical Properties of methane
- Chemical Properties of methane
- Uses of Methane
- Biogas Plant
14 Substances in Common Use
- Salts
- Salts
- Family of Salts
- pH of Salts
- Chemicals from Common Salt (Uses of Salt)
- Water of Crystallization
- Water of Crystallization
- Experiment: To show that hydrated copper sulphate crystals (blue vitriol) contain water of crystallisation.
- Determination of water of crystallisation
- Soap
- Soap
- Types of soaps
- Hard soaps
- Soft soaps
- Manufacture of soap
- Effect of hard water on soap
- Radioactivity
- Radioactivity: Radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon
- Discovery of radioactivity
- Units of Radioactivity
- Nature of radioactive radiation
- Types of Radioactivity: Natural and Artificial (or) Induced Radioactivity
- Radioactivity as Emission of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiations
- Distinction between the properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiations
- Uses of Radioactivity
- Hazards of Radioactive Substances and Radiation
- Safety Precautions While Using Nuclear Energy
- Safety Precautions While Using Nuclear Energy
- Safety measures. while establishing a nuclear power plant
- Safety measures while handling radioactive material
- Safety measures in the safe disposal of nuclear waste
- Some Chemical Substances in Day to Day Life
15 Life Processes in Living Organisms
- Transportation of Water and Food in Plants
- Water and Mineral Absorption by Root
- Root
- Root Hair
- Root Hair-Water Absorbing Unit
- Speciality of root hairs
- Root Pressure
- Guttation
- Transpiration
- Transpiration
- Demonstration of Transpiration
- Exchange of Gases
- Excretion: Substances to Be Eliminated
- Excretion
- Excretory organ
- Substances to be eliminated
- Excretion in Plants
- Human Excretory System
- Kidneys
- Sweat glands
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
- Lungs
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Kidneys
- Internal Structure of the kidney
- Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Kidney tubule
- Structure of a Kidney tubule
- Blood supply to the kidney tubules
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Ultrafiltration
- Reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
- Dialysis Or Artificial Kidney
- Control and Co-ordination
- Coordination
- Types of coordination
- Nervous coordination
- Chemical coordination
- Control and Co-ordination in Plants
- Control and Co-ordination in Animals
- Human Nervous System
- Human Nervous system
- Need of Nervous System
- Components of Nervous System
- Neural Tissue
- Neuron (Or Nerve Cell) and Its Types
- Neuron
- Types of neurons
- Unipolar neurons
- Bipolar neurons
- Multipolar neurons
- Sensory or afferent neurons
- Motor or efferent neurons
- Association (connecting) neurons
- Nerve
- Types of Nerve
- Sensory nerves
- Motor nerves
- Mixed nerves
- Difference between Neuron and Nerve
- Neuron (Or Nerve Cell) and Its Types
- Major Division of the Nervous System
- The major division of The Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Components of the nervous system at a glance
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
- The Human Brain
- Brain
- How are these Tissues protected?
- How does the Nervous Tissue cause Action?
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Structure of Human Brain
- Three main parts:
- Cerebrum (cerebrum: brain)
- Cerebellum ("little brain")
- Medulla Oblongata
- Three Primary Regions of the Brain:
- Forebrain
- Mid brain
- Hindbrain
- The Spinal Cord
- Spinal Cord
- Functions of the spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Types of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Emotions and autonomic nervous system
- Reflex and Reflex Action
- Reflexes
- Types of actions
- Voluntary actions
- Involuntary actions
- Human Endocrine Glands
16 Heredity and Variation
- Inheritance
- Inheritance
- Chromosomes and Mechanism of inheritance
- Heredity
- Heredity
- Heredity change
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Chromosomes
- Discovery of Chromosomes
- Function of Chromosomes
- Number of Chromosomes
- Structure of a Chromosome
- Chromosomes in Homologous Pair
- Types of Chromosomes
- Types of Chromosomes based on the position of Centromere
- Telocentric
- Acrocentric
- Submetacentric
- Metacentric
- Types of Chromosomes based on function
- Autosomes
- Allosomes
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Its Structure
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- The Discovery of DNA
- Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Genes and Genetic
- Genes
- Genetic
- Genetic Terminology
- Character
- Trait
- Factor
- Gene
- Alleles or Allelomorphs
- Dominant
- Recessive
- Phenotype
- Genotype
- Homozygous (pure)
- Heterozygous
- Pure line
- Monohybrid
- F1 generation
- F2 generation
- Punnett square/ Checkerboard
- Homologous Chromosomes
- Back cross
- Test cross
- Phenotypic ratio
- Genotypic ratio
- Monohybrid cross
- Dihybrid cross
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
- Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
- Law of Dominance
- Law of segregation (Law of purity of gametes)
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Application of Mendel's laws
- Monohybrid Cross - Inheritance of One Gene
- Dihybrid Cross - Inheritance Two Genes and Law of Independent Assortment
- Genetic Disorder
17 Introduction to Biotechnology
- Tissues – “The Teams of Workers”
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems Or Meristematic Tissues
- Classification of Meristem
- Primordial meristem or promeristem
- Apical meristems
- Intercalary meristematic
- Lateral meristem
- Function of Meristem
- Meristems Or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Simple epithelial tissue
1. Squamous epithelial tissue
2. Cuboidal epithelial tissue
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Ciliated epithelium
5. Glandular epithelium
6. Sensory epithelial tissue
7. Germinal epithelial tissue - Compound epithelial tissue
a. Stratified epithelium
b. Transitional epithelium
- Cell junctions
Types of Cell junction
- Tight junctions (TJs)
- Hemidesmosomes (HDs)
- Gap Junctions (GJs)
- Adherens Junctions (AJs)
- Desmosomes (Ds)
- Simple epithelial tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Connective Tissue Proper
1. Areolar tissue (Areola: air pockets)
2. Adipose tissue (adipo: fat) - Dense Connective Tissue
- Supporting Connective Tissue - Cartilage, Hyaline cartilage (Hyline: Glass-like), Elastic cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Calcified cartilage, Bone
- Fluid Connective tissue (Vascular)
- Connective Tissue Proper
- Muscular Tissue
- Types of Muscular Tissue
- Skeletal muscles,
- Smooth or Non-striated muscles,
- Cardiac Muscles
- Epithelial Tissue
- Plant and Animals Tissue
- Biotechnology
- Biotechnology
- Phases of biotechnology
- Traditional biotechnology
- Modern biotechnology
- Areas include in Biotechnology
- Benefits of Biotechnology
- Development of Biotechnology in India
- Tissue Culture
- Tissue Culture
- Micropropagation (Clonal Propagation)
- Advantages of microporpagation
- Commercial Applications of Biotechnology
- Healthcare Biotechnology
- Agriculture
- Gene therapy
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Advantages of GM food-plant
- Agritourism
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock)
- Animal Husbandry
- Role of Animal Husbandry in Human Welfare
- Advantages of Animal Husbandry
- Management of farms and farm animals
- Dairy Farming (Cattle Farming)
- Cattle Breeds
- Composition of Cattle Feed
- Feed Management
- Improvement of Livestock Development in India
- Diseases
- Uses of Dairy Farming
- Poultry Farming
- Poultry Farming
- Poultry Feeding
- Poultry Disease
- Poultry product
- Uses of Poultry Farming
- Poultry management
- Sericulture
- Sericulture
- The life cycle of silk moth (Mulberry silkworm)
- Uses of Sericulture
18 Observing Space : Telescopes
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