History and Civics 8th Standard SSC (English Medium) Maharashtra State Board Topics and Syllabus

• Buildings and Places
• Museums and History 
• Statues and Memorials
• Coins

• Newspapers and Periodicals
• Press Trust of India (PTI)
• Postage Stamps
• Maps and Drawings

• Inspirational Songs
• Powada

• Photographs
• Recordings
• Films

• Introduction of American War of Independence
• Colonies of European Powers
• Plantations and the Slave Labour
• Increasing incidence of Taxation
• Townshend Acts
• Boston Tea Party
• American War of Independence

1. First Continental Congress, September 5, 1774
2. Second Continental Congress, May - 10, 1775
3. Battle of Bunker Hill

• Declaration of Independence
• War

1. French Alliance
2. Victory at Yorktown

• Results

• Introduction of French Revolution
• Causes of the Outbreak

1. Political
2. Economic
3. Social
4. Inspiration from French Philosophers
5. American War of Independence

• Course of the French Revolution

1. The Fall of Bastille
2. National Assembly
3. March to Versailles
4. Flight to Varennes
5. Girondins and Jacobins 
6. Constitution of 1791 
7. Emigres and the Revolutionary War
8. National Convention and the Reign of Terror, June 1793-July 1794

• Impact of French Revolution
• The post-revolution period
• Napoleon Bonaparte

• Its meaning, cause, and impacts with special reference to South Asian Countries

• First Carnatic war (1746 - 48)

• Battle of Adayar (1746)
• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)

• Second Carnatic War (1749 - 54)

• Battle of Ambur (1749)
• Battle of Arcot (1751)
• Treaty of Pondicherry (1755)

• Third Carnatic War (1756 - 63)

• Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
• Treaty of Paris (1763)

• Battle of Plassey (1757)
• Battle of Buxar (1764)

• The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767 - 69)

• Causes
• Course
• Treaty of Madras (1769)

• The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84)

• Causes
• Course
• Treaty of Mangalore (1784)

• The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92)

• Causes 
• Course
• Treaty of Srirangapatnam (1792)

• The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) 

• Causes
• Course
• Mysore after the War

• The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82)

• Causes
• Course
• Results
• The internal affairs of the Marathas

• The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05)

• Causes
• Course
• Results

• The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18)

• Causes
• Course
• Results

• Main Features of Subsidiary Alliance
• Merits for the British
• Defects of the Princely states

• Dual Government
• Parliamentary laws
• Civil Services
• Military and Police force
• Judicial system
• Equality before law
• Economic policies of the British
• Land revenue policy
• Consequences of new Land revenue system
• Commercialisation of agriculture
• Famine
• Development in transport and communication system
• Decline of traditional industries in India
• Development of new industries in India
• Social and cultural effects

• Economic causes
• Social causes
• Political causes
• Discontent among Indian soldiers
• Immediate cause

• The outburst
• Scope of the struggle
• Leadership of the struggle
• Crushing of the struggle 

• The struggle was not comprehensive
• Lack of central leadership
• Most of the feudatory princes remained aloof
• Lack of military tactics
• International situation favourable for Britishers

• Queen’s Proclamation
• Change in composition of army
• Change in Policy

• Factors responsible for the raise of Nationalism:

1. Centralization of administration during British rule
2. Economic exploitation
3. Western Education
4. Study of Ancient Indian History
5. Contribution of Newspapers

1.  Hindu–Muslim Divide
2. Anti- Partition Movement
3. Boycott and Swadeshi Movement in Bengal (1905–1911) 

• Constructive Swadeshi 
• Passive Resistance
• Militant Nationalism
• Swaraj or Political Independence

• Objectives of the Home Rule Movement
• Lucknow Pact (1916)
• British Response

• Champaran Satyagraha
• Kheda Satyagraha
• Workers movement at Ahmedabad
• Rowlatt Satyagraha and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: General Dyer’s Brutality
• Khilafat Movement

• No Tax Campaigns and Temperance Movement 
• Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
• Subbarayan Ministry
• Simon Commission Boycott

• First Round Table Conference
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact
• Second Round Table Conference
• Poona Pact
• Third Round Table Conference

• Undying Mass Movement

brief idea of sessions, quorum, question hour, adjournment and no-confidence motion

• Formulation of laws
• Control over Council of Ministers
• Amendments to the Constitution

• Instruments of Parliamentary Control:

1. Deliberation and discussion
2. Approval or Refusal of laws
3. Financial control
4. No confidence motion

• Qualification for the election as President 
• Election of the President
• Powers of the President

1. Executive Powers
2. Legislative Powers
3. Financial Power
4. Judicial Powers
5. Military Powers
6. Diplomatic Powers
7. Emergency Powers  

• Removal of the President

• Size of the Council of Ministers

• Discussions and Debates
• Question Hour
• Zero Hour
• No-Confidence motion

• Supreme Court
• Judicial Activism
• High Court
• District and lower courts

• Civil law
• Criminal law

• The Legislative Assembly (Lower House):
  - Composition
  - Cabinet and Cabinet Committees
  - The Speaker
• The Legislative Council (Upper House):
  - Election to Legislative Council
  - The Chairman
  - Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils

• Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly)
• Speaker of Vidhan Sabha
• Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council)

• Governor
• Chief Minister and Council of Ministers

• Creation of the State Executive
• Distribution of portfolios
• Coordination between Ministries/Departments
• Leader of the State

• Permanent mechanism
• Political neutrality
• Anonymity

Types of civil services

• All-India Services
• Union or Central Services
• State Civil Services
• Minister and Secretaries