General Science 6th Standard SSC (English Medium) Maharashtra State Board Topics and Syllabus

• Types of Resources 
  • Natural Resources 
• Concept of Air 
  • Five layers of the atmosphere-Some uses of gases in the air
  • Air pollution
  • Ozone layer–the protective shell
• Concept for Water 
• Natural Resources: Land 
  • Layers of land
  • The process of soil formation

Natural resources

Natural Resources: Air

• Five layers of the atmosphere-Some uses of gases in the air
• Air pollution
• Ozone layer–the protective shell

Natural Resources: Water

• Distribution of water on the earth
• Uses of water on the earth

Natural Resources: Land

• Layers of land
• The process of soil formation

• Characteristics of Living Things 
  • Growth
  • Food is necessary for growth
  • Respiration
  • Excretion
  • Responsiveness to stimuli and movement
  • Reproduction
  • A definite lifespan
  • A cellular structure
  • Useful living things
  • Harmful living things
  • Wild animals

Characteristics of living things

• Growth
• Food is necessary for growth
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Responsiveness to stimuli and movement
• Reproduction
• A definite lifespan
• A cellular structure
• Useful living things
• Harmful living things
• Wild animals

• Diversity in Plants 
  • autotrophic plants, heterotrophic plants, an insectivorous plant
  • Method of nutrition in plants
• The Structure of a Plant 
• Classification of Plants 
• Diversity and Classification in Animals 
• Need for Classification of Plants 

• Disaster 
• Sudden Movements 
  • Earthquakes 
• Floods 
  • Types of floods: Flash floods, River floods, and Coastal floods
  • Causes of floods
  • Effects of floods
• Storms 
  • Effects of storms
• Forest Fires 
  • Effects of forest fires
• Disaster Management 
• First Aid 
  • 1. External bleeding
  • 2. Burns and scalds
  • 3. Sunstroke
  • 4. Snakebite
  • 5. Dog bite

Disasters and their types

Earthquakes

• Effects of earthquake

Floods

• Effects of floods

Storms

• Effects of storms

Forest fires

• Effects of forest fires

Disaster management

• Remedial and preventive measures

First aid

• 1. External bleeding
• 2. Burns and scalds
• 3. Sunstroke
• 4. Snakebite
• 5. Dog bite

• Change of State of Matter 
  • Concept of Boiling (Vaporization) 
  • Concept of Freezing (Solidification) 
  • Concept of Sublimation 
• Heat and Change of Physical State 
• Temperature 
  • Temperature
  • Unit of Temperature
  • Temperature scales - Fahrenheit scale, Celsius or Centigrade scale, Kelvin or Absolute scale.
• Various Uses of Changes in the Physical State 
• Properties of Substances 
• Non Metals and Its Physical Properties 

• Substances and Objects 
• Natural and Man Made Substances 
• Production of Substances 

  - Rubber, Vulcanization of rubber
  - Paper, Manufacturing paper
  - Synthetic fibres or threads (Nylon, Rayon, Dacron, Terylene, Terene)
  - Advantages and Shortcomings of Synthetic Fibres

• Substances and objects
• Natural and man made substances
• Production of substances
  - Rubber, Vulcanization of rubber
  - Paper, Manufacturing paper
  - Synthetic fibres or threads (Nylon, Rayon, Dacron, Terylene, Terene)
  - Advantages and Shortcomings of Synthetic Fibres

• Nutrients and Foodstuffs 

  -Energy-giving nutrients –Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals and Vitamins, Probiotics

• Balanced Diet 
• Malnutrition and Overnutrition 

  -Malnutrition
  -overnutrition
  -How to avoid obesity?
  -Junk food

• Adulteration of Food 

  -Adulterants

• Nutrients and foodstuffs
  -Energy-giving nutrients –Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals and Vitamins, Probiotics
• A balanced diet
  -Fibre, water
• Malnutrition and overnutrition
  -Malnutrition
  -overnutrition
  -How to avoid obesity?
  -Junk food
• Adulteration of Food
  -Adulterants

• Bone 
• The Human Skeletal System 
• The Axial Skeleton 

  -Skull
  -Rib cage
  -The Spine (Backbone or Vertebral Column)

• The Appendicular Skeleton 
• Classification of Joints 
• The Skin 

  -Functions of the skin
  -The structure of the skin
  -Melanin
  -sweat

• Bone
  -Types of Bones
  Flat bones, Small bones, Irregular bones, Long bones
• The human skeletal system
• The axial skeleton
  -Skull
  -Rib cage
  -The Spine (Backbone or Vertebral Column)
• The appendicular skeleton
• Joints
  -Types of joints (Hinge joint, Ball and socket joint, Gliding joint)
• The skin
  -Functions of the skin
  -The structure of the skin
  -Melanin
  -sweat

• Concept of Motion 
• Types of Motion 
• Speed 

• Motion
• Types of motion
  -1. Linear motion
  -2. Non-linear motion
  -Oscillatory motion, Periodic motion, Random motion.
• Speed

• Force 
• Types of Force 
• Combined Forces 

• Force
• Types of force
  -1. Muscular force
  -2. Mechanical force
  -3. Gravitational force
  -4. Magnetic force
  -5. Frictional force
  -6. Electrostatic force
• Combined forces

• Work 
• The Relationship Between Work and Energy 
• Different Forms of Energy 
• Transformation of Energy 
• Energy Resources 
  • Non-Renewable Energy Resources:
    a) Coal
    b) Petroleum (or) Crude oil
    c) Natural Gas
  • Conventional Energy Sources:
    a) Thermal pow
    b) Nuclear power
  • Renewable Energy Resources:
    a) Hydropower 
    b) Solar Energy
    c) Wind Energy
    d) Biomass Energy
    e) Tidal and wave Energy

• Work
• The relationship between work and energy
• Forms of energy
  -A. Mechanical energy
  -B. Heat energy
  -C. Light energy
  -D. Sound energy
  -E. Chemical energy
• Transformation of energy
• Energy resources
  -Conventional energy resources or non-renewable energy resources
  ( coal and fossil fuels such as petrol, diesel and natural gas)
  -Non-conventional energy resources or renewable energy resources
  (Solar energy, Wind energy, Hydroelectric or hydel power, Energy obtained from oceanic waves, Atomic energy)
  -Energy-saving and green energy

• Machines 
  • Simple Machines 

    -An inclined plane
    -A wedge
    -A lever
    -A pulley
    -A wheel and axle

  • Complex Machines 
• Maintenance of Machines 

• Machines
• Machines > Simple Machines
  -An inclined plane
  -A wedge
  -A lever
  -A pulley
  -A wheel and axle
• Machines > Complex Machines
• Maintenance of machines

• Sound 
• Production of Sound 
  • Production of Sound through Vibrating tuning fork
• Structure of the Human Ear (Auditory Aspect Only) 
  • How Sound is Heard?
• Propagation of Sound 
• Noise Pollution 
  • Noise Pollution
  • Effect of Noise Pollution
  • Measurement of Noise Pollution
• Distinguishing Different Sounds 

• Sound
• Production of sound
• How sound is heard
• Propagation of sound
• Noise pollution
• Measures for preventing noise pollution

• Light 
  • Light
  • Properties of Light
• The Propagation of Light 
• Reflection of Light 
  1. Regular reflection of light 
  2. Irregular reflection of light
• Images Formed by a Plane Mirrors 
• A Pinhole Camera 
• Formation of Shadow 

• Introduction of Light
• The propagation of light
• Reflection of light
• Images in a plane mirror
• A pinhole camera
• Formation of shadow

• Magnet 
• Concept of Magnetism 
• Characteristics of a Magnet 
• Electromagnet 
• How is Magnetism Destroyed 

• Magnet
• Magnetism
• Characteristics of a magnet
• Electromagnet.
• How is magnetism destroyed?

• Universe 
• Types of Galaxies 

  Various types identified according to their shapes

• Concept of Stars 
• Concept of Solar System 
  • The Planets
  • The Sun
  • Mercury (Budh)
  • Venus (Shukra)
  • The Earth
  • Mars (Mangal)
  • Jupiter (Brihaspati)
  • Saturn (Shani)
  • Uranus and Neptune
• Comets 
• Meteors and Meteorites 

• Introduction of The Universe
• Types of galaxies: Various types identified according to their shapes
• Stars -Some types of stars
• The solar system
  -The sun
  -Mercury
  -Venus
  -Earth
  -Mars
  -Jupiter
  -Saturn
  -Uranus
  -Neptune
  -Satellite
  -Asteroid
  -Dwarf planet
• A comet
• A meteor