Maharashtra State Board Syllabus For 11th Biology: Knowing the Syllabus is very important for the students of 11th. Shaalaa has also provided a list of topics that every student needs to understand.
The Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology syllabus for the academic year 2023-2024 is based on the Board's guidelines. Students should read the 11th Biology Syllabus to learn about the subject's subjects and subtopics.
Students will discover the unit names, chapters under each unit, and subtopics under each chapter in the Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Syllabus pdf 2023-2024. They will also receive a complete practical syllabus for 11th Biology in addition to this.
Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Revised Syllabus
Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology and their Unit wise marks distribution
Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Course Structure 2023-2024 With Marking Scheme
Syllabus
- What is ‘Living’?
- What is ‘Living’?
- Characteristics of living organisms
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Cellular structure
- Response to stimuli (Consciousness)
- Homeostasis
- Metabolism
- Difference between anabolism and catabolism
- Taxonomical Aids
- Taxonomical Aids
- Usage of Taxonomical Aids
- Herbarium
- Botanical Gardens
- Biological museums
- Zoological Parks
- Key
- Molecular taxonomy
- Automated species identification tools
- Systematics of Living Organisms (Introduction)
- Concept of Systematics
- Taxonomy
- Classification of Taxonomy
- Artificial
- Natural
- Phylogenetic
- Three Domains of Life
- Three Domains of life
- Domain Archaea
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
- Chemotaxonomy
- Numerical Taxonomy
- Cladogram
- Phylogeny
- DNA Barcoding
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Phylum
- Kingdom
- Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Taxon
- Units of Classification
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Cohort/Order
- Class
- Division/Phylum
- Sub-kingdom
- Kingdom
- Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Scientific names
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Need for Binomial Nomenclature
- Universal rules of Binomial Nomenclature
- Scientific names of some common organisms
- Importance of Binomial Nomenclature
- The drawback of Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Scientific names
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Need for Binomial Nomenclature
- Universal rules of Binomial Nomenclature
- Scientific names of some common organisms
- Importance of Binomial Nomenclature
- The drawback of Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Salient Features of Five Kingdoms
- Kingdom Monera - Archebacteria, Eubacteria, Mycoplasma
- Kingdom Protista - Plant like protista, Animal like Protista, Dinoflagellates, Fungi like protista, Euglenoids
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Fungi - Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes
- Kingdom Animalia
- Acellular Organisms
- Viruses - Types of viruses
- Viroids
- Lichens
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Plantae
- Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae
- Salient Features of Major Plant Groups Under Cryptogams
- Division: Thallophyta
1) Chlorophyceae (green algae)
2) Phaeophyceae (Brown algae)
3) Rhodophyceae (Red algae) - Bryophyta (Bryon: moss; phyton: plant)
1) Liverworts (Hepaticeae)
2) Mosses (Musci) - Pteridophyta (Pteron: feather, phyton: plant)
- Division: Thallophyta
- Salient Features of Major Plant Groups Under Phanerogams
- Gymnospermae (Gymnos: naked, sperma: seed)
- Angiospermae (Angios: enclosed: vessel, Sperma: seed)
- Angiosperms are subdivided into two classes: Dicotyledonae, Monocotyledonae
- Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations
- Types of the life cycle - Diplontic, Haplontic, and Haplo-Diplontic.
- Criteria Used for Animal Classification
- Animal Body Plan
- Cell aggregate plan
- Blind sac body plan
- Tube within the tube body plan
- Animal Classification
- Phylum: Porifera (Pori-pores; Feron-bearing)
- Phylum: Cnidaria
- Phylum: Ctenophora
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes (platy -flat, helminth -worms)
- Phylum: Aschelminthes (ascus-sac, helminth-worm) / Nemathelminthes (NEMA-thread)
- Phylum: Annelida (Annulus: Ring)
- Phylum: Arthropoda (Atheros: Joint, Podos: leg)
- Phylum: Mollusca (Mollis: soft)
- Phylum: Echinodermata (Echinus - Spines, derma - skin)
- Phylum: Hemichordata (Hemi: Half, Chordata: Rod)
- Phylum: Chordata
a) Subphylum: Urochordata or Tunicata
b) Subphylum: Cephalochordata
c) Subphylum: Vertebrata -
1. Division: A Gnathostomata
2. Division: Gnathostomata
i) Superclass: Pisces
- Class Chondrichthyes: (chondron: cartilage, ichthyes: fish)
- Class: Osteichthyes (Osteon: bone, ichthyes: fish)
ii) Superclass: Tetrapod
- Class: Amphibia (Amphi: both, bias: life)
- Class: Reptilia (Repere: to creep or to crawl)
- Class: Aves (Avis: bird)
- Class: Mammalia (mammae: breasts, nipples)
- Cell: the Fundamental Unit of Life
- Cell
- Totipotency
- Experiment: Microscopic examination of onion peel.
- Types of Cells
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Mesokaryotes Cells
- Components of Eukaryotic Cell
Components of Eukaryotic cell:
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane / Plasma membrane/ biomembrane
- Cytoplasm
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Golgi complex
- Lysosomes
- Vacuoles
- Glyoxysomes
- Mitochondria (Singular: Mitochondrion)
- Plastids
- Ribosomes
- Nucleus
- Cytoskeleton
- Biomolecules in Living System
- Biomolecules in the Cell
- Carbohydrates
- Types of Carbohydrates based on sugar unit
- Monosaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
a. Disaccharides
b. Trisaccharides
c. Tetrasaccharides - Polysaccharides
- Biological significance of Carbohydrates
- Nomenclature of monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Structure and properties of glucose
- Optical isomerism in glucose
- Ring structure of glucose
- Reducing nature of glucose
- Representation of Fructose structure
- Lipids
- Lipids
- Saturated fatty acids
- Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Simple Lipids
- Compound lipids
- Sterols
- Biological importance of lipids
- Proteins
- Functions of proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Nucleotides
- Structure of DNA
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
- DNA double helix
- Types of RNA molecules
- Biological functions of nucleic acids
- Enzymes
- Enzymes
- Properties of Enzymes
- Carbohydrates
- Nature of Enzyme Action
- Purely proteinaceous enzymes
- Conjugated enzymes
- Nomenclature of Enzymes
- Classification of Enzymes
- Oxidoreductases
- Transferases
- Hydrolases
- Lyases
- Isomerases
- Ligases or Synthetases
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Enzyme - Substrate Interactions
- Lock and Key model
- Induced Fit model (Flexible Model)
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Metabolism
- Metabolism
- Types of pathways
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathway
- Metabolic Pool
- Secondary metabolites (SMs)
- Introduction of Cell Division
- Amitosis (Direct Cell Division)
- Mitosis
- Closed and Open Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
- Significance of Mitosis
- Meiosis
- Meiosis I-Reduction Division
- Significance of Meiosis
- Cell Cycle
- Types of Cell Division
- Amitosis
- Mitosis
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
- Cytokinesis
- Significance of mitosis
- Death of cell
- Meiosis
A. First meiotic division or Heterotypic division (Meiosis I)
- Prophase -I - Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis
- Metaphase - I
- Anaphase - I
- Telophase - I
- Cytokinesis-I
B. Second meiotic division or Homotypic Division (Meiosis II) - Prophase-II
- Metaphase-II
- Anaphase-II
- Telophase-II
- Cytokinesis-II
- Significance of Meiosis
- Significance of Mitosis
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Classification of Meristem
- Primordial meristem or promeristem
- Apical meristems
- Intercalary meristematic
- Lateral meristem
- Function of Meristem
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Tissue System
- Epidermal tissue system
- Ground tissue system
- Vascular tissue system
- Introduction to Tissue System, Types and Characteristics of tissue System
- Secondary Growth in Plants
- Formation of cambial ring
- Secondary growth in roots
- Wood
- Cork Cambium and Secondary Growth
- Anatomy of Root, Stem and Leaf
- Anatomy of Dicot Root
- Anatomy of monocot root
- Anatomy of Dicot Stem (Sunflower)
- Anatomy of Monocot Stem
- Anatomy of Leaf
V. S. of Typical dicot leaf - Upper epidermis, Mesophyll, Vascular system, Lower epidermis - Isobilateral Leaf - A typical monocot leaf
- Angiosperms
- Angiosperms
- Characteristics of Angiosperms
- Classification of Angiosperms - Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons
- Morphology
A. Root:
- Typical Root Structure
- Function of Root
- Types of Root - Tap root, Adventitious roots,
- Modification of root - Modifications of tap root, For Respiration
- Modifications of Adventitious Roots -
a) Food storage
b) For mechanical support
1. Prop roots
2. Stilt roots
3. Climbing roots
4. Clinging Roots
5. Plank Roots/Buttresses
6. Buoyont roots
c) For special functions
1. Epiphytic roots
2. Sucking roots or Haustoria
B. Stem:
- Modifications of stem
a. Underground stem
1. Rhizome
2. Stem Tuber
3. Bulb
4. Corm
b. Subaerial stem
1. Trailer
2. Runner
3. Stolons
4. Sucker
5. Offset
c. Aerial modification
1. Thorn
2. Phylloclade
3. Cladodes
4. Cladophylls
5. Bulbils
C. Leaf
- Typical leaf structure
Leaf base
Petiole or mesopodium
Lamina or epipodium - Leaf venation
- Types of leaf
a. Pinnately compound
b. Palmately compound - Modification of leaves
a. Leaf spines
b. Leaf tendril
c. Leaf hooks
d. Phyllode - Phyllotaxy
D. Inflorescence
- Types of inflorescence - Racemose, Cymose
E. Flower
- Insertion of floral whorls - Hypogyny, Perigyny, Epigyny.
- Floral parts and their structure
1. Calyx (K)
2. Corolla (C) - Perianth (P), Aestivation, Epicalyx
3. Androecium (A)
Typical stamen shows three different parts: Anther, Filament, Connective
4. Gynoecium (G)
- Placentation
- Types of Placentation: Marginal, Axile, Parietal, Basal, Free central.
F. Fruit
G. Seed
- Study of Some Important Families
- Fabaceae
- Solanaceae
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial Tissue
- Location and Structure
- Types of Epithelial Tissue
- Simple epithelium Tissue
1. Squamous epithelial tissue
2. Cuboidal epithelial tissue
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Ciliated epithelium
5. Glandular epithelium
6. Sensory epithelial tissue
7. Germinal epithelial tissue - Compound epithelial tissue
a. Stratified epithelium
b. Transitional epithelium
- Cell junctions
Types of Cell junction
- Tight junctions (TJs)
- Hemidesmosomes (HDs)
- Gap Junctions (GJs)
- Adherens Junctions (AJs)
- Desmosomes (Ds)
- Connective Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Types of connective tissue
- Loose connective tissue
1) Areolar tissue
2) Adipose tissue - Dense connective tissue
1) Dense regular connective tissues
2) Dense irregular connective tissues - Specialised (supporting) connective tissue
1) Cartilage
a) Hyaline cartilage
b) Elastic cartilage
c) Fibrocartilage
d) Calcified cartilage
2) Bone
3) Blood - Fluid Connective tissue (Vascular)
- Muscular Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Types of muscles
1) Skeletal muscles
2) Smooth or Non-striated muscles,
3) Cardiac Muscles
- Epithelial Tissue
- Histology
- Neural Tissue
- Neural tissue
- Types of Neural tissue
- Neurons/Nerve cells
- Neuroglial cells
- Habit and Habitat
- Systematic Position
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Genus
- Species
- External Morphology
- Shape and size
- Coloration
- Exoskeleton
- Body Division
- Head
1. Antennae
2. Fenestrae
3. Compound eyes
4. Mouth parts
i. Labrum (Upper lip)
ii. Mandibles (True jaws)
iii. Maxillae (Accessory jaws)
iv. Labium (lower lip)
v. Hypopharynx (Tongue) - Thorax
- Legs
- Wings
- Spiracles
- Abdomen
- Body Cavity
- Digestive System of Cockroach
- Mouth
- Fore-gut (Stomodaeum)
- Mid-gut (Mesenteron)
- Hind-gut (Proctodaeum)
- Salivary Glands
- Food and digestion
- Circulatory System Or Blood Vascular System
- Haemolymph
- Haemocoel - Sinuses, Dorsal blood vessel, Blood circulation in cockroach.
- Human Respiratory System
- Conducting Part:
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory Part
- External Nostrils
- Nasal Chamber
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Lungs: Bronchi and Alveoli
- Stages of respiration in human being involve
- Human Excretory System
- Kidneys
- Sweat glands
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
- Lungs
- Kidneys
⇒ V.S. of kidney shows that there are two distinct regions:
1) Renal Cortex
2) Renal Medulla - Nephron
⇒ Structure of nephron: Glomerulus, Renal Tubule
1) Bowman's capsule (Glomerular capsule)
2) Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
3) Loop of Henle
4) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
5) Collecting tubule (CT)
- Human Nervous System
- Human Nervous system
- Need of Nervous System
- Components of Nervous System
- Reproduction System
- Male Reproductive System
- Female Reproductive System
Fertilization and formation of ootheca - Ootheca, Development of Eggs
- Interactions with Mankind
- Control Measures
1. Good Sanitation
2. Chemical control
- Control Measures
- Introduction of Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts
- Two predominant types of chlorophylls
- Nature of Light
- Corpuscular Nature
- Wave Nature
- Dual Nature of Light
- Ray optics or geometrical optics
- Wave optics or physical optics
- Particle nature of light
- Mechanism of Photosynthesis
- Role of Sunlight in Photosynthesis
- Light Dependent Reaction (Hill Reaction \ Light Reaction)
- Reaction centre
- Photosystems I and II
- Photophosphorylation
- Photophosphorylation
- Forms of Photophosphorylation
- Cyclic photophosphorylation
- Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
- Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reaction \ Biosynthetic Phase)
- Dark reactions
- Steps in the dark reactions
- Carboxylation
- Glycolytic Reversal
- Regeneration of RuBP
- Light Dependent Reaction (Hill Reaction \ Light Reaction)
- Photorespiration
- C4 Pathway Or Hatch-slack Pathway
- Cam - Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Blackman - Law of limiting factors
- Factors affecting photosynthesis
- External Factors:
1) Availability of sunlight
2) Temperature
3) Water
4) Humidity
5) CO2 Concentration [atmospheric]
6) O2 availability - Internal Factors:
1) Number of leaves
2) Size of leaves
3) Leaf age
4) Orientation of leaves
5) Mesophyll cells and chloroplasts
6) Internal CO2 concentration
7) Anatomy of leaf
- Formation of ATP
- Why do we need energy?
- Formation of ATP
- Animals need more energy
- Birds and mammals need still more energy
- Respiration
- Respiration
- Need for Respiration
- Significance of Respiration
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Cellular respiration
- Types of cellular respiration
- Aerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic Respiration
- Aerobic respiration in plant/animal
- Anaerobic respiration in plant/animal
- Differences in anaerobic respiration in plants and animals
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Glycolysis
- Glycolysis Pathway
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Oxidative Phosphorylation Steps
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle Or Kreb’s Cycle)
- TCA Cycle (Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle)
- Steps of TCA Cycle
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Fermentation
- Process of Fermentation
- Types of Fermentation
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Alcohol Fermentation
- Acetic acid Fermentation
- Butyric acid Fermentation
- Advantages of Fermentation
- Respiratory Balance Sheet
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Utility of Stepwise Oxidation
- Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.)
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- What are Nutrients?
- Types of Nutrients
- Functions of Nutrients/Need of Nutrients
- Some important Nutrients
- What do various nutrients do for our body?
- Component of Food
- Human Digestive System
- Human Digestive System
- Alimentary canal
- Associated digestive glands
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Salivary Glands
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- Tongue
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Pancreas
- The Large Intestine
- Liver
- Physiology of Digestion
- Digestion in the buccal cavity
- Digestion in the stomach
- Digestion in the small intestine
- Action of pancreatic juice
- Action of intestinal juice
- Absorption of Food
- Assimilation of Food
- Egestion of Food
- Nutritional and Digestive Tract Disorders
- Disorders of the digestive system
- Inflammation of the intestinal tract
- Jaundice
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Constipation
- Indigestion
- PEM (Protein-energy malnutrition)
- Kwashiorkar
- Marasmus
- Excretion: Substances to Be Eliminated
- Excretion
- Excretory organ
- Substances to be eliminated
- Modes of Excretion: Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, and Uricotelism
- Modes of Excretion
- Ammonotelism
- Ureotelism
- Uricotelism
- Nephridiopores
- Types of nephridia
- Protonephridia
- Metanephridia
- Human Excretory System
- Kidneys
- Sweat glands
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
- Lungs
- Kidneys
⇒ V.S. of kidney shows that there are two distinct regions:
1) Renal Cortex
2) Renal Medulla - Nephron
⇒ Structure of nephron: Glomerulus, Renal Tubule
1) Bowman's capsule (Glomerular capsule)
2) Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
3) Loop of Henle
4) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
5) Collecting tubule (CT)
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Kidneys
- Internal Structure of the kidney
- Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Kidney tubule
- Structure of a Kidney tubule
- Blood supply to the kidney tubules
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Ultrafiltration
- Reabsorption
- Tubular secretion (Renal Secretion)
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- Collecting duct
- Concentration of Urine
- Composition of Urine
- Accessory Excretory Organs
- Excretory role of skin
- Excretory role of lungs
- Excretory role of liver
- Common Disorders of the Urinary System
- Kidney stones
- Uremia
- Nephritis
- Renal Failure
- Diabetes
- Urinary tract infection
- Haemodialysis
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Kidney transplant
- Renal Calculi
- Glomerulonephritis
- Movements and Locomotion
- Movements
- Locomotion
1. Amoeboid movement
2. Ciliary movement
3. Whorling movement
4. Muscular movement
- Location and Structure of Skeletal Muscles
- Working of Skeletal Muscles
- Some important antagonistic muscles
- Flexor and Extensor
- Abductor and Adductor
- Pronator and Supinator
- Levator and Depressor
- Protractor and Retractor
- Sphincters
- Structure of myosin and actin filaments
- Myosin filament
- Actin filament
i. F actin
ii. Tropomyosin
iii. Troponin
- Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
- Mechanism of muscle contraction
- Steps of muscle contraction
- Physiology of Muscle Relaxation
- Relaxation of Muscle Fibres
- Skeletal System
- Skeletal System and Its Functions
- Group of Skeleton
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
- Types of Joints
- Synarthroses
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
A. Cartilagenous or slightly movable joints - Synchondroses, Symphysis
B. Synovial joints or freely movable joints - Pivot joint, Ball and socket joint, Hinge joint, Condyloid joint, Gliding joint, Saddle joint.
- Disorders Related to Muscles
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis
- Disorders Related to Bones
- Arthritis
i) Osteoarthritis
ii) Gouty arthritis (Gout)
iii) Rheumotoid arthritis - Osteoporosis
- Arthritis