Geography Class 8 ICSE CISCE Topics and Syllabus

• On the Basis of Topographical Sheet 
  • Interpret Contours on the Sheet (Height, Shape) 
  • Identify Landforms Through Contours 
    • Types of slopes (steep, gentle).
    • Hills, Plateaus, Ridges (gap, saddle, col, pass).
  • Patterns of Settlement 
    • Compact settlements
    • Dispersed settlements
    • Temporary settlements
    • Permanent settlements
    • Linear settlements
    • Rectangular settlements
    • Circular settlements
    • Star like pattern of settlement
    • Wet Point Settlement
    • Dry Point Settlement

On the basis of Topographical Sheet:

1. Interpret contours on the sheet (height, shape).

2 Identify landforms through contours.

• Types of slopes (steep, gentle).
• Hills, Plateaus, Ridges (gap, saddle, col, pass).

3. Settlement patterns:

• Temporary and permanent
• Nucleated, dispersed and linear

4. Interpret and analyse the given toposheet.

• Distribution of the Population in the World 
• Overpopulation and Under Population 

  meaning with examples of countries from the world. Impact of overpopulation and underpopulation on society.

• Factors Affecting the Population of a Place 

  birth, and death rate, immigration, and emigration.

• Composition of the Population 

  Age and sex, rural and urban; population pyramid.

Distribution of the population in the world

Overpopulation and under population: meaning with examples of countries from the world. Impact of overpopulation and underpopulation on society.

Factors affecting the population of a place - birth, and death rate, immigration, and emigration.

Composition of the Population – Age and sex, rural and urban; population pyramid.

• Migration 
  • Population composition
  • Age composition
  • Sex Ratio 
  • Literacy Rate 
  • Occupational structure  
  • Population Dynamics 
  • Problems of over Population
• Types of Migration 

  immigration and emigration
  rural-urban and urban. (examples from the world).

• Impact of Migration on the Socio-economic Structure of the Society 

  (examples from India and the world).

• Brain Drain 
  • introduction
  • causes of brain-drain
  • positive and negative impacts of the brain- drain.

Migration: Introduction.

Types of migration immigration and emigration
rural-urban and urban. (examples from the world).

Impact of migration on the socio-economic structure of the society (examples from India and the world).

Brain Drain:

• introduction
• causes of brain-drain
• positive and negative impacts of the brain- drain.

• Urbanisation 
  • Definitions of Urbanisation
  • Characteristics of Urbanisation
• Positive and Negative Impacts of Urbanisation 
• Satellite Cities 
• Concept of Smart Cities 

Urbanisation – meaning and causes.

Positive and negative impacts of urbanisation

satellite cities.

Concept of Smart Cities (examples from the World).

• Natural and Manmade Disasters 
• Disaster Management and Its Importance 
  • safety measures to be taken in case of floods, earthquakes, and fire.
• Role of the Government in Disasters and Its Management 
• Case Studies 
  • Floods in Assam/Bihar (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).
  • Earthquake in Nepal (2014): (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).
  • Oil Spills-Coastal areas of the United States: (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).

Natural and manmade disasters: Meaning and examples.

Disaster management and its importance (in general);

• safety measures to be taken in case of floods, earthquakes, and fire.

Role of the government in disasters and its management

Case Studies:

• Floods in Assam/Bihar (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).
• Earthquake in Nepal (2014): (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).
• Oil Spills-Coastal areas of the United States: (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).

• Asia: Location and Extent 
• Parts of Asia 
  • East Asia, North Asia, Central Asia, South-East Asia, SouthCentral Asia, Western Asia
• Asia Physiography 
  • The Northern lowlands
  • The Central highlands
  • The Southern Plateaus
  • The Great Plains
  • The Island Groups
• Asia: Climate 
  • Factors affecting Climate of Asia
  • Types of Climate:
    Tundra
    Temperate
    Tropical
    Desert
    Equatorial.
• Asia: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 
  • Tundra, Taiga, Tropical Deciduous, Thorny, Equatorial

Asia: Location and Extent

Parts of Asia

• East Asia, North Asia, Central Asia, South-East Asia, SouthCentral Asia, Western Asia

Asia Physiography:

• Northern lowlands
• Central highlands
• Plateaus
• River basins
• Islands.

Asia: Climate:

• Factors affecting Climate of Asia
• Types of Climate:
  Tundra
  Temperate
  Tropical
  Desert
  Equatorial.

Asia: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

• Tundra, Taiga, Tropical Deciduous, Thorny, Equatorial

• Indian - Location, Size and Extent 
  • Indian : Location, Size and Extent
  • Indian Standard Time (IST)
• Political Divisions of India 

  States/ UTs and Capitals.

• Physical Divisions of India 
• Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India 
  • National parks, biosphere reserve, wildlife sanctuaries.
• Climate and Natural Vegetation 
  • Factors affecting climate, Monsoon.
  • Types of Natural vegetation: Tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, thorny, Tidal Forest, Montane forest.

India- Its location and extent,

• its neighbouring countries.

Political divisions of India – States/ UTs and Capitals.

Physiographic Divisions of India –The Himalayas, Northern plains, Peninsular plateau, Thar desert, Coastal regions, Islands.

Conservation of Forest and wildlife in India

• National parks, biosphere reserve, wildlife sanctuaries.

Climate and Natural vegetation:

• Factors affecting climate, Monsoon.
• Types of Natural vegetation: Tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, thorny, Tidal Forest, Montane forest.

• Human Resources Introduction 
• Distribution of the Population in India 

  (rural-urban, geographical distribution, sex ratio)

• Role of Health and Education in Developing Human Resources 
• Skilled and Unskilled Human Resource 
  • Impact of skilled human resource on the socio-economic development of the country (examples from India)

Human resources – meaning.

Distribution of the population in India (rural-urban, geographical distribution, sex ratio).

Role of health and education in developing human resources (to be done briefly)

Skilled and unskilled human resource (meaning and examples only)

• Impact of skilled human resource on the socio-economic development of the country (examples from India)