Social Science Class 9 CBSE (English Medium) CBSE Topics and Syllabus

• French Society During the Late Eighteenth Century 
  • The Struggle to Survive
  • How a Subsistence Crisis Happens
  • A Growing Middle Class Envisages an End to Privileges
• The Outbreak of the Revolution 
  • France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
  • Reading political symbols
• France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic 
  • The Reign of Terror
  • A Directory Rules France
• Did Women Have a Revolution 
• The Abolition of Slavery 
• The Revolution and Everyday Life 

French Society During the Late Eighteenth Century

• The Struggle to Survive
• How a Subsistence Crisis Happens
• A Growing Middle Class Envisages an End to Privileges

The Outbreak of the Revolution

• France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
• Reading political symbols

France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic

• The Reign of Terror
• A Directory Rules France

Did Women have a Revolution?

The Abolition of Slavery

The Revolution and Everyday Life

• The Age of Social Change 
  • Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives
  • Industrial Society and Social Change
  • The Coming of Socialism to Europe
  • Support for Socialism
• The Russian Revolution 
  • The Russian Empire in 1914
  • Economy and Society
  • Socialism in Russia
  • A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
  • The First World War and the Russian Empire
• The February Revolution in Petrograd 
  • After February
  • The Revolution of October 1917
• What Changed After October? 
  • The Civil War
  • Making a Socialist Society
  • Stalinism and Collectivisation
• The Global Influence of the Russian Revolution and the Ussr 

The Age of Social Change

• Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives
• Industrial Society and Social Change
• The Coming of Socialism to Europe
• Support for Socialism

The Russian Revolution

• The Russian Empire in 1914
• Economy and Society
• Socialism in Russia
• A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
• The First World War and the Russian Empire

The February Revolution in Petrograd

• After February
• The Revolution of October 1917

What Changed after October?

• The Civil War
• Making a Socialist Society
• Stalinism and Collectivisation

The Global Influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR

• Birth of the Weimar Republic 
  • The Effects of the War
  • Political Radicalism and Economic Crises
  • The Years of Depression
• Hitler’s Rise to Power 
  • The Destruction of Democracy
  • Reconstruction
• The Nazi Worldview 
  • Establishment of the Racial State
  • The Racial Utopia
• Youth in Nazi Germany 
  • The Nazi Cult of Motherhood
  • The Art of Propaganda
• Ordinary People and the Crimes Against Humanity 
  • Knowledge about the Holocaust

Birth of the Weimar Republic

• The Effects of the War
• Political Radicalism and Economic Crises
• The Years of Depression

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• The Destruction of Democracy
• Reconstruction

The Nazi Worldview

• Establishment of the Racial State
• The Racial Utopia

Youth in Nazi Germany

• The Nazi Cult of Motherhood
• The Art of Propaganda

Ordinary People and the Crimes Against Humanity

• Knowledge about the Holocaust

• Deforestation and Its Causes 
• The Rise of Commercial Forestry 
  • How were the Lives of People Affected?
  • How did Forest Rules Affect Cultivation?
  • Who could Hunt?
  • New Trades, New Employments and New Services
• Rebellion in the Forest 
  • The People of Bastar
  • The Fears of the People
• Forest Transformations in Java 
  • The Woodcutters of Java
  • Dutch Scientific Forestry
  • Samin’s Challenge
  • War and Deforestation
  • New Developments in Forestry

Why Deforestation?

• Land to be Improved
• Sleepers on the Tracks
• Plantations

The Rise of Commercial Forestry

• How were the Lives of People Affected?
• How did Forest Rules Affect Cultivation?
• Who could Hunt?
• New Trades, New Employments and New Services

Rebellion in the Forest

• The People of Bastar
• The Fears of the People

Forest Transformations in Java

• The Woodcutters of Java
• Dutch Scientific Forestry
• Samin’s Challenge
• War and Deforestation
• New Developments in Forestry

• Pastoral Nomads and Their Movements 
  • In the Mountains
  • On the Plateaus, Plains and Deserts
• Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life 
  • How Did these Changes Affect the Lives of Pastoralists?
  • How Did the Pastoralists Cope with these Changes?
• Pastoralism in Africa 
  • Where have the Grazing Lands Gone?
  • The Borders are Closed
  • When Pastures Dry
  • Not All were Equally Affected

Pastoral Nomads and their Movements

• In the Mountains
• On the Plateaus, Plains and Deserts

Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life

• How Did these Changes Affect the Lives of Pastoralists?
• How Did the Pastoralists Cope with these Changes?

Pastoralism in Africa

• Where have the Grazing Lands Gone?
• The Borders are Closed
• When Pastures Dry
• Not All were Equally Affected

• Indian - Size and Location 
• India and the World 
• India’s Neighbours 

Indian - Size and Location

India and the World

India’s Neighbours

• Major Physiographic Divisions 
• Introduction to Physical Features of India 

Major Physiographic Divisions

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Northern Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Desert
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

• Drainage Systems in India 

  A. Himalayan Rivers:

  1. The Indus River System
  2. The Ganga River System
  3. The Brahmaputra River System

  • Characteristics of Himalayan Rivers

  B. Peninsular Rivers
  1. East Flowing Rivers

  1. Mahanadi
  2. Godavari
  3. Krishna
  4. Kaveri

  2. West Flowing Rivers

  1. Narmada
  2. Tapti

  • Characteristics of South Indian Rivers
• The Himalayan Rivers 
• The Peninsular Rivers 
• Lakes 
• Role of Rivers in the Economy 
• River Pollution 

Drainage Systems in India

The Himalayan Rivers

The Peninsular Rivers

Lakes

Role of Rivers in the Economy

River Pollution

• Introduction of Climate 
• Climatic Controls 
• Factors Affecting India’s Climate 
  • Latitude
  • Altitude
  • Pressure and Winds
• The Indian Monsoon 
• The Onset of the Monsoon and Withdrawal 
• The Seasons 
  • The Cold Weather Season (Winter)
  • The Hot Weather Season (Summer)
• Distribution of Rainfall 
• Monsoon as a Unifying Bond 

Introduction of Climate

Climatic Controls

Factors Affecting India’s Climate

• Latitude
• Altitude
• Pressure and Winds

The Indian Monsoon

The Onset of The Monsoon and Withdrawal

The Seasons

• The Cold Weather Season (Winter)
• The Hot Weather Season (Summer)

Distribution of Rainfall

Monsoon as a Unifying Bond

• Relief 
  • Land
  • Soil
• Climate 
  • Temperature
  • Photoperiod (Sunlight )
  • Precipitation
• Ecosystem 
• Types of Vegetation 
  • Tropical Evergreen Forests
  • Tropical Deciduous Forests
  • The Thorn Forests and Scrubs
  • Montane Forests
  • Mangrove Forests
• Wildlife 

Relief

• Land
• Soil

Climate

• Temperature
• Photoperiod (Sunlight )
• Precipitation

Ecosystem

Types of Vegetation

• Tropical Evergreen Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• The Thorn Forests and Scrubs
• Montane Forests
• Mangrove Forests

Wildlife

• Population Size and Distribution 
  • India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
  • India’s Population Distribution by Density
• Population Growth and Processes of Population Change 
  • Population Growth
  • Processes of Population Change/Growth
  • Age Composition
  • Sex Ratio
  • Literacy Rates
  • Occupational Structure
  • Health
  • Adolescent Population
  • National Population Policy
  • NPP 2000 and Adolescents

Population Size and Distribution

• India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
• India’s Population Distribution by Density

Population Growth and Processes of Population Change

• Population Growth
• Processes of Population Change/Growth
• Age Composition
• Sex Ratio
• Literacy Rates
• Occupational Structure
• Health
• Adolescent Population
• National Population Policy
• NPP 2000 and Adolescents

• What is Democracy? 
  • Meaning of Democracy
  • Definition
  • Salient Features of Democracy
  • Evolution of Democracy
  • Forms of Democratic government
  • Types of Democracy

  1. Direct Democracy
  2. Indirect Democracy / Representative Democracy

  • Merits and Demerits of Democracy
  • Democracy in India
  • Elections in India
  • The First Elections in Democratic India
  • Major challenges to Indian Democracy
  • Conditions for the Success of Democracy in India
• Features of Democracy 
  • Major decisions by elected leaders
  • Free and fair electoral competition
  • One person, one vote, one value
  • Rule of law and respect for rights
• Why Democracy 
  • Debating merits of democracy
  • Arguments against democracy
  • Arguments for democracy
• Broader Meanings of Democracy 

What is Democracy?

Features of Democracy

• Major decisions by elected leaders
• Free and fair electoral competition
• One person, one vote, one value
• Rule of law and respect for rights

Why Democracy?

• Debating merits of democracy
• Arguments against democracy
• Arguments for democracy

Broader Meanings of Democracy

• Democratic Constitution in South Africa 
  • Struggle against apartheid
  • Towards a new constitution
• Why Do We Need a Constitution? 
• Making of the Indian Constitution 
  • The path to Constitution
  • The Constituent Assembly
• Guiding Values of the Indian Constitution 
  • The Dream and the Promise
  • Philosophy of the Constitution
  • Institutional design

Democratic Constitution in South Africa

• Struggle against apartheid
• Towards a new constitution

Why Do We Need a Constitution

Making of the Indian Constitution

• The path to Constitution
• The Constituent Assembly

Guiding Values of the Indian Constitution

• The Dream and the Promise
• Philosophy of the Constitution
• Institutional design

• Why Elections? 
  • Assembly Election in Haryana
  • Why do we need elections?
  • What makes an election democratic?
  • Is it good to have political competition?
• What is Our System of Elections? 
  • Electoral constituencies
  • Reserved Constituencies
  • Voters’ list
  • Nomination of candidates
  • Election Campaign
  • Polling and counting of votes
• What Makes Elections in India Democratic? 
  • Independent Election Commission
  • Popular participation
  • Acceptance of election outcome
  • Challenges to free and fair elections

Why Elections?

• Assembly Election in Haryana
• Why do we need elections?
• What makes an election democratic?
• Is it good to have political competition?

What is Our System of Elections?

• Electoral constituencies
• Reserved Constituencies
• Voters’ list
• Nomination of candidates
• Election Campaign
• Polling and counting of votes

What Makes Elections in India Democratic?

• Independent Election Commission
• Popular participation
• Acceptance of election outcome
• Challenges to free and fair elections

• How is a Major Policy Decision Taken 
  • A Government Order
  • The Decision Makers
  • Need for Political Institutions
• Parliament 
  • Why do we need a Parliament?
  • Two Houses of Parliament
• Political Executive 
  • Political and Permanent Executive
  • Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
  • Powers of the Prime Minister
  • The President
• The Judiciary 
  • Supreme Court
  • Composition of the Supreme Court
  • Appointment of Judges
  • Qualification of Supreme Court Judges
  • Powers and Functions of the Supreme Court
    (a) Original Jurisdiction
    (b) Appellate Jurisdiction 
    (c) Advisory Jurisdiction
    (d) Miscellaneous Jurisdiction
    (e) Judicial Review

How is a Major Policy Decision Taken

• A Government Order
• The Decision Makers
• Need for Political Institutions

Parliament

• Why do we need a Parliament?
• Two Houses of Parliament

Political Executive

• Political and Permanent Executive
• Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
• Powers of the Prime Minister
• The President

The Judiciary

• Life Without Rights 
  • Prison in Guantanamo Bay
  • Citizens’ Rights in Saudi Arabia
  • Ethnic massacre in Kosovo
• Rights in a Democracy 
  • What are rights?
  • Why do we need rights in a democracy?
• Rights in the Indian Constitution 
  • Right to Equality
  • Right to Freedom
  • Right against Exploitation
  • Right to Freedom of Religion
  • Cultural and Educational Rights
  • How can we secure these rights?
• Expanding Scope of Rights 

Life Without Rights

• Prison in Guantanamo Bay
• Citizens’ Rights in Saudi Arabia
• Ethnic massacre in Kosovo

Rights in a Democracy

• What are rights?
• Why do we need rights in a democracy?

Rights in the Indian Constitution

• Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• How can we secure these rights?

Expanding Scope of Rights

• Organisation of Production 
• Farming in Palampur 
  • Land is fixed
  • Is there a way one can grow more from the same land?
  • Will the land sustain?
  • How is land distributed between the farmers of Palampur?
  • Who will provide the labour?
  • The capital needed in farming
  • Sale of Surplus Farm Products
• Non-farm Activities in Palampur 
  • Dairy — the other common activity
  • An example of small-scale manufacturing in Palampur
  • The shopkeepers of Palampur
  • Transport: a fast developing sector

Organisation of Production

Farming in Palampur

• Land is fixed
• Is there a way one can grow more from the same land?
• Will the land sustain?
• How is land distributed between the farmers of Palampur?
• Who will provide the labour?
• The capital needed in farming
• Sale of Surplus Farm Products

Non-Farm Activities in Palampur

• Dairy — the other common activity
• An example of small-scale manufacturing in Palampur
• The shopkeepers of Palampur
• Transport: a fast developing sector

• Introduction of People as Resource 
• Economic Activities by Men and Women 
• Quality of Population 
  • Education
  • Health
• Unemployment 

Introduction of people as resource

Economic Activities by Men and Women

Quality of Population

• Education
• Health

Unemployment

• Two Typical Cases of Poverty 
  • Urban Case
  • Rural case
• Poverty as Seen by Social Scientists 
  • Poverty Line
  • Poverty Estimates
  • Vulnerable Groups
  • Inter-State Disparities
  • Global Poverty Scenario
  • Causes of Poverty
  • Anti-Poverty Measures
  • The Challenges Ahead
• Introduction of Poverty as a Challenge 

Introduction of Poverty as a Challenge

Two Typical Cases of Poverty

• Urban Case
• Rural case

Poverty as seen by social scientists

• Poverty Line
• Poverty Estimates
• Vulnerable Groups
• Inter-State Disparities
• Global Poverty Scenario
• Causes of Poverty
• Anti-Poverty Measures
• The Challenges Ahead

• Food Security in India 
  • What is food security?
  • Why food security?
  • Who are food-insecure?
• Buffer Stock 
• Public Distribution System 
• Current Status of the Public Distribution System 
• Role of Cooperatives in Food Security 

Food Security in India

• What is food security?
• Why food security?
• Who are food-insecure?

What is Buffer stock?

What is the Public Distribution System?

Current Status of the Public Distribution System

Role of cooperatives in food security