Psychology Class 12 Arts (English Medium) CBSE Topics and Syllabus

• Introduction to Variations in Psychological Attributes 
• Individual Differences in Human Functioning 
• Assessment of Psychological Attributes 
  • Some Domains of Psychological Attributes
  • Assessment Methods
• Intelligence 
• Theories of Intelligence 
  • Theory of Multiple Intelligences
  • Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
  • Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous-successive (PASS) Model of Intelligence
• Individual Differences in Intelligence 
  • Intelligence: Interplay of Nature and Nurture
  • Variations of Intelligence
  • Types of Intelligence Tests

  1. Individual or Group Tests,
  2. Verbal, Non-Verbal, or Performance Tests,
  3. Culture-Fair or Culture-Biased Tests

  • Some Misuses of Intelligence Tests
• Culture and Intelligence 
  • Intelligence in the Indian Tradition
• Emotional Intelligence 
• Special Abilities 
  • Aptitude : Nature and Measurement
• Creativity 

-Introduction

-Individual Differences in Human Functioning

-Assessment of Psychological Attributes

-Intelligence

-Theories of Intelligence

• Theory of Multiple Intelligences
• Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneoussuccessive Model of Intelligence

-Individual Differences in Intelligence

• Variations of Intelligence
• Some Misuses of Intelligence Tests (Box 1.1)

-Culture and Intelligence

-Emotional Intelligence

• Characteristics of Emotionally Intelligent Persons (Box 1.2)

-Special Abilities

• Aptitude : Nature and Measurement

-Creativity

• Introduction to Self and Personality 
• Self and Personality 
• Concept of Self 
  • Self as Subject and Self as Object
  • Kinds of Self

  1. Personal Self
  2. Social Self
  3. Familial or Relational Self

  •  Definition of Self
• Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self 
  • Self-concept
  • Self-esteem
  • Self-efficacy
  • Self-regulation
  • Self-control
  • Self-instruction
  • Self-reinforcement
• Culture and Self 
• Concept of Personality 
• Major Approaches to the Study of Personality 
  • Type Approaches
  • Trait Approaches
  • Five-Factor Model of Personality
  • Psychodynamic Approach
  • Behavioural Approach
  • Cultural Approach
  • Humanistic Approach
  • Who is a Healthy Person?
• Assessment of Personality 
  • Self-report Measures
  • Projective Techniques
  • Behavioural Analysis

-Introduction

-Self and Personality

-Concept of Self

-Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self

• Self-esteem, Self-efficacy and Self-regulation

-Culture and Self

-Concept of Personality

• Personality-related Terms (Box 2.1)

-Major Approaches to the Study of Personality

• Type Approaches
• Trait Approaches
• Five-Factor Model of Personality (Box 2.2)
• Psychodynamic Approach
• Behavioural Approach
• Cultural Approach
• Humanistic Approach
• Who is a Healthy Person? (Box 2.3)

-Assessment of Personality

• Self-report Measures
• Projective Techniques
• Behavioural Analysis

• Introduction to Meeting Life Challenges 
• Nature, Types and Sources of Stress 
  • Nature of Stress
  • Signs and Symptoms of Stress
  • Types of Stress
  • Sources of Stress
  • A Measure of Stressful Life Events
• Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health 
  • Four major effects of stress are associated with the stressed state, viz. emotional, physiological, cognitive, and behavioural
  • Stress and Health
  • General Adaptation Syndrome
  • Stress and Immune System
  • Lifestyle
  • Examination Anxiety
• Coping with Stress 
  • Three coping strategies are given by Endler and Parker

  1. Task-oriented Strategy
  2. Emotion-oriented Strategy
  3. Avoidance-oriented Strategy

  • Stress Management Techniques

  1. Relaxation Techniques
  2. Meditation Procedures
  3. Biofeedback
  4. Creative Visualisation
  5. Cognitive Behavioural Techniques
  6. Exercise
• Promoting Positive Health and Well-being 
  • Stress Resistant Personality

  1. Life Skills:

  • Assertiveness
  • Time Management
  • Rational Thinking
  • Improving Relationships
  • Self-care
  • Overcoming Unhelpful Habits
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Positive Attitude
  • Positive Thinking
  • Social Support

  • Resilience and Health

-Introduction

-Nature, Types and Sources of Stress

• A Measure of Stressful Life Events (Box 3.1)

-Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health

• Examination Anxiety (Box 3.2)
• Stress and Health
• General Adaptation Syndrome
• Stress and Immune System
• Lifestyle

-Coping with Stress

• Stress Management Techniques

-Promoting Positive Health and Well-being

• Life Skills
• Resilience and Health (Box 3.3)

• Introduction to Psychological Disorders 
• Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders 
• Classification of Psychological Disorders 
• Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour 
• Major Psychological Disorders 
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
  • Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
  • Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
  • Dissociative Disorders
  • Salient Features of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders
  • Depressive Disorders
  • Bipolar and Related Disorders
  • Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders
  • Feeding and Eating Disorders
  • Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
  • Effects of Alcohol: Some Facts
  • Commonly Abused Substances

-Introduction

-Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders

-Classification of Psychological Disorders

-Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour

-Major Psychological Disorders

• Anxiety Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
• Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
• Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
• Dissociative Disorders
• Salient Features of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
• and Dissociative Disorders (Box 4.1)
• Depressive Disorders
• Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
• Psychotic Disorders
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders
• Feeding and Eating Disorders
• Substance - Related and Addictive Disorders
• Effects of Alcohol : Some Facts (Box 4.2)
• Commonly Abused Substances (Box 4.3)

• Nature and Process of Psychotherapy 
  • Therapeutic Relationship
• Type of Therapies 
  • Steps in the Formulation of a Client’s Problem
  • Psychodynamic Therapy
  • Behaviour Therapy
  • Relaxation Procedures
  • Cognitive Therapy
  • Humanistic-existential Therapy
  • Biomedical Therapy
  • Alternative Therapies - Yoga, Meditation
• Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill 

-Nature and Process of Psychotherapy

• Therapeutic Relationship

-Type of Therapies

• Steps in the Formulation of a Client’s Problem (Box 5.1)
• Psychodynamic Therapy
• Behaviour Therapy
• Relaxation Procedures (Box 5.2)
• Cognitive Therapy
• Humanistic-existential Therapy
• Biomedical Therapy
• Alternative Therapies

-Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill

• Introduction to Attitude and Social Cognition 
• Explaining Social Behaviour 
• Nature and Components of Attitudes 
  • A ‘Green Environment’: The A-B-C Components of an Attitude
  • Four significant features of attitudes

  1. Valence (positivity or negativity)
  2. Extremeness
  3. Simplicity or Complexity (multiplexity)
  4. Centrality
• Attitude Formation and Change 
  • Attitude Formation
  • Attitude Change
  • Telling a Lie for Twenty Dollars
  • Attitude-Behaviour Relationship
• Prejudice and Discrimination 
  • An understanding of the meaning of prejudice and how it works in the form of discrimination - causes of prejudice: social learning, realistic competition, social categorization and stereotyping;
  • ways in which prejudice can be resisted. Caste, community and gender stereotypes in the Indian context.
• Strategies for Handling Prejudice 
• Social Cognition 
• Schemas and Stereotypes 
• Impression Formation and Explaining Behaviour of Others Through Attributions 
  • Impression Formation
  • Attribution of Causality
• Behaviour of Others Through Attributions 
  • Impression Formation
  • Attribution of Causality
• Behaviour in the Presence of Others 
• Pro-social Behaviour 
  • Factors Affecting Pro-social Behaviour

-Introduction

-Explaining Social Behaviour

-Nature and Components of Attitudes

• A ‘Green Environment’ : The A-B-C Components of an
• Attitude (Box 6.1)

-Attitude Formation and Change

• Attitude Formation
• Attitude Change
• Telling a Lie for Twenty Dollars (Box 6.2)
• Attitude-Behaviour Relationship

-Prejudice and Discrimination

-Strategies for Handling Prejudice

-Social Cognition

-Schemas and Stereotypes

-Impression Formation and Explaining Behaviour of Others through Attributions

• Impression Formation
• Attribution of Causality

-Behaviour in the Presence of Others

-Pro-social Behaviour

• Factors Affecting Pro-social Behaviour

• Introduction to Social Influence and Group Processes 
  • How people try to change others’ behaviour
  • Social norms
  • Conformity and obedience - factors affecting them
  • What is meant by social norms - why people conform to social norms and why they digress
  • Factors affecting Conformity and Obedience
  • Asch's study on conformity
  • Why and when people obey others - Milgram's experiment
• Nature and Formation of Groups 
  • What is a Group?
  • Why Do People Join Groups?
  • Group Formation
  • Groupthink
• Type of Groups 
  • Type of Groups

  1. Primary and Secondary Groups
  2. Formal and Informal Groups
  3. Ingroup and Outgroup

  • The Minimal Group Paradigm Experiments
• Influence of Group on Individual Behaviour 
  • Social Loafing
  • Group Polarisation
• Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience 
  • Conformity
  • The Autokinetic Effect
  • Group Pressure and Conformity: The Asch Experiment 
  • Compliance
  • Obedience
• Cooperation and Competition 
  • Sherif’s Summer Camp Experiments
  • Determinants of Cooperation and Competition
• Social Identity 
• Intergroup Conflict : Nature and Causes 
• Conflict Resolution Strategies 

-Introduction

-Nature and Formation of Groups

• Groupthink (Box 7.1)

-Type of Groups

• The Minimal Group Paradigm Experiments (Box 7.2)

-Influence of Group on Individual Behaviour

• Social Loafing
• Group Polarisation

-Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience

• The Autokinetic Effect (Box 7.3)
• Group Pressure and Conformity : The Asch Experiment (Box 7.4)

-Cooperation and Competition

• Sherif’s Summer Camp Experiments (Box 7.5)
• Determinants of Cooperation and Competition

-Social Identity

-Intergroup Conflict : Nature and Causes

-Conflict Resolution Strategies

• Introduction to Psychology and Life 
• Human-environment Relationship 
  • Different Views of the Human-Environment Relationship
  • The Bishnois and the Chipko Movement
• Environmental Effects on Human Behaviour 
  • Human Influence on the Environment
  • Noise
  • Pollution
  • Crowding
  • Natural Disasters
• Promoting Pro-environmental Behaviour 
• Psychology and Social Concerns 
  • Poverty and Discrimination
  • Aggression, Violence, and Peace
  • Mahatma Gandhi on Non-violence : Why Does
  • Non-violence Work
  • Health
  • Impact of Television on Behaviour

-Introduction

-Human-Environment Relationship

• Different Views of the Human-Environment Relationship
• The Bishnois and the Chipko Movement (Box 8.1)

-Environmental Effects on Human Behaviour

• Human Influence on the Environment
• Noise
• Pollution
• Crowding
• Natural Disasters

-Promoting Pro-environmental Behaviour

-Psychology and Social Concerns

• Poverty and Discrimination
• Aggression, Violence, and Peace
• Mahatma Gandhi on Non-violence : Why Does
• Non-violence Work (Box 8.2)
• Health
• Impact of Television on Behaviour

• Introduction to Developing Psychological Skills 
• Developing as an Effective Psychologist 
• General Skills 
  • Intellectual and Personal Skills; Sensitivity to Diversity
  • Individual and Cultural Differences
• Observational Skills 
• Specific Skills 
  • Communication Skills
  • Characteristics of Communication
  • Some Tips to Improve Your Listening Skills
  • Psychological Testing Skills
  • Essentials of Psychological Assessment Skills
• Interviewing Skills 
  • Types of Interview Questions
• Counselling Skills 
  • Empathy
  • Positive regard
  • Authenticity

-Introduction

-Developing as an Effective Psychologist

-General Skills

• Intellectual and Personal Skills; Sensitivity to Diversity :
• Individual and Cultural Differences (Box 9.1)

-Observational Skills

-Specific Skills

• Communication Skills
• Characteristics of Communication (Box 9.2)
• Some Tips to Improve Your Listening Skills (Box 9.3)
• Psychological Testing Skills
• Essentials of Psychological Assessment Skills (Box 9.4)

-Interviewing Skills

• Types of Interview Questions (Box 9.5)

-Counselling Skills