Entrepreneurship Class 12 CBSE (Commerce) CBSE Topics and Syllabus

• Concept and Elements of Business Opportunity 
• Factors Involved in Sensing Opportunities 
• Concept of Environment Scanning 
• Enlist the Various Factors Affecting Business Environment 
• Problem Identification 
• Idea Fields 
• Technique of Transformation of Ideas into Opportunities 
• Trend Spotting 
• Elaborate on the Creative and Innovative Processes 

Concept and elements of business opportunity

• business opportunity
• Elements of a business opportunity
• Case Study Meals-on-Wheels
• Case Study Bull in a China Shop
• Exploring opportunities in the environment

Factors involved in sensing opportunities

• Perceiving and sensing opportunities
• Factors involved in sensing opportunities
• Ability to perceive and preserve basic ideas
• Ability to harness different sources of information
• Vision and creativity

Concept of environment scanning

• Environment scanning
• Analysis of environment

Enlist the various factors affecting business environment

• Environmental factors
• The PESTEL Model

Problem Identification

• Uses of problem Identification

Idea Fields

• Idea generation
• Idea fields
• Various sources of idea fields

Technique of transformation of ideas into opportunities

• Transformation of ideas into opportunities
• Idea and opportunity assessment
• Market assessment

Trend spotting

• Ways in which an entrepreneur spots trends

Elaborate on the creative and innovative processes

• Creativity
• Elements in the innovation process

• Types of Economic Activities 
• Business Organization 
• Forms of Enterprises 
• Sole Proprietorship 
• Partnership 
  • Introduction
  • Meaning
  • Definition
  • Features of Partnership Firm

  1. Agreement
  2. Number of Partners
  3. Lawful business
  4. Sharing of Profit and losses
  5. Unlimited Liability
  6. Registrations
  7. Joint Ownership & Management
  8. Principal and Agent
• Joint Stock Company 
  • Introduction
  • Meaning
  • Definition
  • Features
  • Merits
  • Demerits
  • Types of Companies
• Joint Hindu Family / Firm (Hufs) 
• Co-operative Organisations 
• Business Plan 
  • Introductory profile /general introduction
  • Description of venture/business venture
  • Production Plan
  • Operational plan
  • Elements of operational plan
  • Organizational plan
  • Financial plan
  • Components of financial plan
  • Manpower planning
  • Marketing plan
  • Steps in preparing the marketing plan
  • Assessment of risk
  • Appendix
  • Description of Venture/Business Venture 
  • Production Plan 
  • Operational Plan 
  • Elements of Operational Plan 
  • Organizational Plan 
  • Financial Plan 
  • Components of Financial Plan 
  • Manpower Planning 
  • Marketing Plan 

Types of Economic Activities

• Profession
• Employment
• Business
• Manufacturing
• Service
• Trading

Business organization

• Forms of business organisation
• Forms of enterprises
• Sole proprietorship
• Partnership
• Joint Stock Company
• Joint Hindu family / firm (HUFs)
• Co-operative Organisations

Business plan 

• Introductory profile /general introduction
• Description of venture/business venture
• Production Plan
• Operational plan
• Elements of operational plan
• Organizational plan
• Financial plan
• Components of financial plan
• Manpower planning
• Marketing plan
• Steps in preparing the marketing plan
• Assessment of risk
• Appendix

• Goal–Setting and Smart Goals 
  • goal setting
  • Rules for goal setting
  • What are smart goals?
• Various Marketing Strategies Used in a Firm 
• 4p’S of Marketing 
  • Product 
  • Price 
  • Place 
  • Promotion 
• Negotiation 
  • Integrative
  • Distributive
  • Inductive
  • Deductive
  • Mixed
• Customer Relations 
  • How CRM is used today
  • The impact of technology on CRM
  • The benefits of CRM
• Employee Management 
  • Factors which lead to effective employee relationship
• Vendor Management 
• Reasons for Business Failure 
  • 12 causes that lead to a business failure

Goal–setting and SMART goals

• goal setting
• Rules for goal setting
• What are smart goals?

Various marketing strategies used in a firm

 4P’s of marketing

• Product
• Price
• Place
• Promotion

Negotiation

• Integrative
• Distributive
• Inductive
• Deductive
• Mixed

Customer relations

• How CRM is used today
• The impact of technology on CRM
• The benefits of CRM

Employee management

• Factors which lead to effective employee relationship

Vendor management

• importance of quality in customer satisfaction

reasons for business failure

• 12 causes that lead to a business failure

• Growth and development of an enterprise 
  • Internal expansion
  • External expansion or business combination
• Franchising 
  • The main ingredients of a franchise agreement
  • Big brands make head towards for franchising
  • Types of franchising
  • How Franchising help start-ups
  • Advantages of franchising
  • Advantages to the franchisee
  • Advantages of franchising to the franchisor
  • Quick expansion
  • Cost advantages
  • Disadvantages of franchising to the franchisee
  • Disadvantage to the franchisor
• Growth Through Mergers and Acquisitions (MandA) 
• Types of Mergers 
• Meaning and Types of Acquisitions 
  • Acquisitions
  • Types
• Reasons for Mergers and Acquisitions 
  • Synergy
  • Acquiring new technology
  • Improved profitability
  • Acquiring a competency
  • Entry into new markets
  • Access to funds
  • Tax benefits
• Reasons for Failure of Mergers and Acquisitions 
  • Unrealistic price paid for target
  • Difficulties in cultural integration
  • Overstated synergies
  • Integration difficulties
  • Poor business fit
  • Inadequate due diligence
  • High leverage
  • Boardroom split
  • Regulatory issues
  • Human resources issues
• Concept of Value Addition 
• Moving-up the Value Chain 
  • Primary activities
  • Support activities
• Six Requirements for Value Chain Management 

Growth and development of an enterprise

• Internal expansion
• External expansion or business combination

Franchising

• The main ingredients of a franchise agreement
• Big brands make head towards for franchising
• Types of franchising
• How Franchising help start-ups
• Advantages of franchising
• Advantages to the franchisee
• Advantages of franchising to the franchisor
• Quick expansion
• Cost advantages
• Disadvantages of franchising to the franchisee
• Disadvantage to the franchisor

Growth through mergers and acquisitions (M&A)

Types of mergers

Meaning and types of acquisitions

• Acquisitions
• Types

Reasons for mergers and acquisitions

• Synergy
• Acquiring new technology
• Improved profitability
• Acquiring a competency
• Entry into new markets
• Access to funds
• Tax benefits

Reasons for failure of mergers and acquisitions

• Unrealistic price paid for target
• Difficulties in cultural integration
• Overstated synergies
• Integration difficulties
• Poor business fit
• Inadequate due diligence
• High leverage
• Boardroom split
• Regulatory issues
• Human resources issues

concept of value addition

• Types of added value

Moving-up the value chain

• Primary activities
• Support activities

Six requirements for value chain management

• Concept of Unit Price 
• Break Even Analysis 
  • Sales mix break-even point
  • Multiple-product break even analysis
• Cash Flow Projection 
  • Importance and use of cash flow projections
  • Why cash flow projection
  • How to develop a cash flow projection
• Budgeting and Managing the Finances 
• Working Capital 
  • Gross and net working capital
• Inventory Control and Economic Order Quantity 
  • Items that make up the inventory
  • Pareto's Principle and ABC analysis for control
  • Examining inventory
  • ABC analysis
  • Economic order quantity
  • Costs
  • Final note on inventory control and EOQ
• Return on Investment and Equity 
  • Measure of profitability
  • Return on Investment
  • Return on Equity
  • ROI or ROE
  • EBITDA
  • Interest
  • Taxes
  • Depreciation & amortization

Concept of unit price

Break even analysis

• Sales mix break-even point
• Multiple-product break even analysis

 Cash flow projection

• Importance and use of cash flow projections
• Why cash flow projection
• How to develop a cash flow projection

Budgeting & managing the finances

• financial management
• Objectives of financial management
• Process of financial management
• Budgeting
• Budgets and budgeting
• Budgeting as a process
• Benefits of budgeting
• Cost of budgeting
• Forms budgeting process

Working capital

• Gross and net working capital

Inventory control and Economic Order Quantity

• Items that make up the inventory
• Pareto's Principle and ABC analysis for control
• Examining inventory
• ABC analysis
• Economic order quantity
• Costs
• Final note on inventory control and EOQ

Return on investment and return on equity

• Measure of profitability
• Return on Investment
• Return on Equity
• ROI or ROE
• EBITDA
• Interest
• Taxes
• Depreciation & amortization

• Capital Markets 
  • Primary market (new issues market)
  • Secondary market
• Stock Exchange 
  • Features of stock exchange
  • Importance of a stock exchange
  • Organisation and management
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) 
  • Objectives of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  • The function of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  • stock exchanges, stockbrokers, merchant bankers, depositories, mutual funds, and credit rating agencies.
• Angel Investors 
  • Features of angel investors
• Venture Capital 
  • Features of venture – capital
  • Funding
  • When to seek venture capital finance
  • Entrepreneurs to watch out
• Specialised Financial Institutions 
  • Need for and Importance of Specialised Financial Institutions (SFIS)
• Types of Specialised Financial Institutions 
  • Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
  • Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
  • Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)
  • Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)
  • National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
  • Industrial Investment Bank of India Ltd. (IIBI)
  • State Financial Corporations (SFCs)
  • Tourism Finance Corporation of India (TFCI)
  • State Industrial Development Corporation (SIDCs)

Capital markets

• Primary market (new issues market)
• Secondary market

Stock exchange

• Features of stock exchange
• Importance of a stock exchange
• Organisation and management

Securities and exchange board of India (SEBI)

Angel investors

• Features of angel investors

Venture capital

• Features of venture – capital
• Funding
• When to seek venture capital finance
• Entrepreneurs to watch out

Specialised financial institutions

• Need for and Importance of Specialised Financial Institutions (SFIS)

Types of Specialised Financial Institutions

• Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
• Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)
• Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
• Industrial Investment Bank of India Ltd. (IIBI)
• State Financial Corporations (SFCs)
• Tourism Finance Corporation of India (TFCI)
• State Industrial Development Corporation (SIDCs)