Business Studies Class 12 CBSE (Commerce) CBSE Topics and Syllabus

• Concept of Management 
  • Meaning and Features of Management
  • Body of Knowledge
  • Management Tools
  • Separate Discipline
  • Specialisation
  • Code of Conduct
  • Professional Association
• Objectives of Management 
• Importance of Management 
• Management as Science, Art and Profession 
• Levels of Management 
  • Top Management
  • Middle Management
  • Lower Or Supervisory (First Level) Management
• Management Functions 
  • Planning - Concept and Importance of Planning
  • Controlling - Concept and Importance of Controlling
  • Coordination - Concept and Importance of Coordination
  • Directing - Concept and Importance of Directing
  • Organizing - Concept and Importance of Organizing
  • Staffing - Concept and Importance of Staffing
• Coordination as an Essence of Management 

• Management-concept, objectives, and importance
• Concept includes meaning and features
• Management as Science, Art and Profess on Levels of Management
• Management functions- planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
• Coordination- concept and importance, Characteristics of
  Coordination,

• Concept of Principles of Management 
  • Introduction
  • Meaning
  • Definition
  • Features
• Significance of Principles of Management 
• Fayol’s Principles of Management 
• Principles of Taylor’s Scientific Management 
• Techniques of Taylor’s Scientific Management 
• Standardisation and Simplification of Work 

  Standardisation and Simplification of Work

  • Method Study
  • Motion Study
  • Time Study
  • Fatigue Study
  • Differential Piece Wage System

• Principles of Management - concept and significance, Nature of Principles of Management
• Significance of Principles of Management, Taylor’s Scientific Management, Principles of Scientific Management, Techniques of Scientific Management
• Taylor's Scientific management- principles and techniques

• Standardisation and Simplification of Work

  • Method Study
  • Motion Study
  • Time Study
  • Fatigue Study
  • Differential Piece Wage System
• Fayol's principles of management, Fayol Versus Taylor —
  A Comparison.

• Concept of Business Environment 
  • Meaning and Features of Business Environment
• Importance of Business Environment 
• Dimensions of Business Environment - Macro 
  • Economic
  • Social
  • Technological
  • Political
  • Legal
• Impact of Government Policy Changes on Business with Special Reference to Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization in India 
• Economic Environment in India 

• Business Environment- concept and importance
• Dimensions of Business Environment- Economic, Social,Technological, Political and Legal
• Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization, privatization and globalization in India

• Concept of Planning 
  • Meaning and features of Planning
  • Type of Plan
  • Importance of Planning
  • Economic Planning in India
  • Case for planning
  • Case against planning
  • Target Area Planning
  • Hill Area Development Programme
  • Drought Prone Area Programme
  • Case Study – Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur* Region
• Limitation of Planning 
• Planning Process 
• Objective of Single Use and Standing Plans 
• Strategy of Single Use and Standing Plans 
• Policy of Single Use and Standing Plans 
• Single Use and Standing Plans - Method Rule 
• Budget and Programme 
• Types of Plans 

  Types of Plans

  • Objectives
  • Strategy
  • Policy
  • Procedure
  • Method
  • Rule
  • Programme
  • Budget

• Concept, importance and limitation
• Planning process
• Types of Plans-
  • Objectives
  • Strategy
  • Policy
  • Procedure
  • Method
  • Rule
  • Programme
  • Budget
•  
• Single use and standing plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget and Programme

• Concept of Organising 
  • Meaning and Features of Organising
  • Organising Process
• Structure of Organisation 
  • Concept of the Divisional Structure of Organisation
  • Concept of Functional Structure of Organisation
  • Formal and Informal Organisation
• Concept of Delegation 
• Elements of Delegation 
• Importance of Delegation 
• Concept of Decentralization 
• Importance of Decentralization 
• Steps in the Process of Organising 

• Concept and importance
• Organising Process
• Structure of organisation- Types of Organisation
  Structures, functional and divisional- concept. Formal and informal organisation- concept
• Delegation: concept, elements and importance
• Decentralization: concept and importance

• Concept of Staffing 
• Importance of Staffing 
• Staffing as a Part of Human Resource Management 
• Staffing Process 
• Staffing - Recruitment Process 
• Staffing - Selection Process 
• Concept of Training and Development 
  • Meaning and Features of Training and Development
• Importance of Training and Development 
• Methods of Training 
  • on the job
  • off the job
  • Induction training
  • vestibule training
  • apprenticeship training
  • internship training
  • Classroom training
  • Distinction between on the job and off the job training

Concept and importance of staffing

• Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management- concept
• Staffing process Recruitment process
• Selection- process

Training and Development-

• Concept and importance
• Methods of training- on the job and off the job
• Induction training
• vestibule training
• apprenticeship training and internship training

• Concept of Directing 

  Meaning and Features of Directing

• Importance of Directing 
• Elements of Directing 
• Concept of Supervision 
  • Meaning and Features of Supervision
• Function of a Supervisor 
• Concept of Motivation 
  • Meaning and Features of Motivation
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 
  • Pyramid
  • Assumption
  • Criticism
• Motivation - Financial and Non Financial Incentives 
• Concept of Leadership 

  Meaning and Features of Leadership

• Leadership - Styles 
  • authoritative
  • democratic
  • laissez faire
• Concept of Communication 
  • Meaning and Features of Communication
• Formal and Informal Communication 
• Barriers to Effective Communication 
• How to Overcome the Barriers 
• Principles of Directing 

• Concept and importance Elements of Directing
• Supervision -concept, functions of a supervisor
• Motivation-concept, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Financial and non financial incentives
• Leadership- concept, styles- authoritative, democratic and laissez faire
• Communication- concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers.

• Concept of Controlling 
  • Meaning and Features of Controlling
• Importance of Controlling 
• Relationship Between Planning and Controlling 
• Steps in Process of Control 
• Techniques of Managerial Control 

  Techniques of Managerial Control

  • Traditional Techniques
  • Modern Techniques
• Responsibility Accounting 
• Management Audit 

• Concept and importance
• Relationship between planning and controlling

• Techniques of Managerial Control

  • Traditional Techniques
  • Modern Techniques
• Steps in process of control
• Responsibility Accounting
• Management Audit
• PERT and CPM

• Concept of Financial Management 

  Meaning and Features of Financial Management

• Role and Objectives of Financial Management 
• Financial decisions - investment 
  • Meaning of investment
  • Factor affecting Investment
• Financial Decisions - Financing and Dividend 
  • Meaning of financing and dividend
  • factors affecting financing and dividend
• Concept of Financial Planning 

  Meaning of Financial Planning

• Importance of Financial Planning 
• Concept of Capital Structure 
  • Meaning of Capital Structure
  • Factors of Capital Structure
• Concept of Fixed and Working Capital 
  • Meaning and Features of Fixed and Working Capital
• Factors Affecting Fixed and Working Capital Requirements 

Concept role and objective of Financial Management

• Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend- Meaning and factors affecting
• Financial Planning- concept and importance.
• Capital Structure- Concept
• Fixed and Working Capital- Concept and factors affecting their requirements

• Concept of Financial Markets 
  • Meaning and Features of Financial Markets
  • Function of Financial Markets
  • Capital Market and Its Types -(Primary and Secondary)
  • Money Market and Its Instruments
• Types of Financial Markets 
  • capital market
  • money market
  • On the Basis of Type of Financial Claim
  • On the Basis of Maturity of Financial Claim
  • On the Basis of Time of Issue of Financial Claim
  • On the Basis of Timing of Delivery of Financial Claim
  • On the Basis of the Organizational Structure of the Financial Market
• Methods of Floatation in the Primary Market 
• Stock Exchange 
  • Origin, Meaning and Definition
  • Functions of Stock Exchange
  • Trading Procedure of Stock Exchange
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) 
  • Objectives of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  • The function of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  • stock exchanges, stockbrokers, merchant bankers, depositories, mutual funds, and credit rating agencies.
• Money Market 

  Money Market - Money Market Instruments

• Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market 
• Capital Market 

  Capital Market

  • Primary Market
  • Secondary Market
• National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) 

  National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)

  • Objectives of NSE
  • Market Segments of NSE

Financial Markets: Concept, Functions and types

• Money market and its instruments
• Capital market andits types (primary and secondary), methods of floatationinthe primary market
• Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure
• National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) - Objectives, Market Segments.
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions

• Concept of Marketing 
  • Introduction
  • Meaning
  • Definition
  • Features of Marketing
• Concept of Selling 
  • Meaning and Features of Selling
• Concept of Marketing Management 
  • Meaning and Features of Marketing Management
• Marketing Functions 
• Marketing Management Philosophies 
• Concept of Marketing Mix 
  • Product
  • Price
  • Place
  • Promotion
  • People
  • Process
  • Physical Environment
• Elements of Marketing Mix 
  • Advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and publicity
• Nature of Product 
• Product - Branding 
• Product - Labelling 
• Product - Packaging 
• Concept of Price (Marketing) 
• Factors Determining Price 
• Concept of Physical Distribution 
  • Meaning and Features of Physical Distribution
• Components of Physical Distribution 
• Role of Physical Distribution 
• Meaning of Channels of Distribution 
  • Introduction
  • Definition
• Types of Channels of Distribution 
  • Channels based on the middlemen

  1. Direct Channel 
  2. Indirect Channel or Distribution Through Middlemen

  • Channels Based on the Type of Goods and Services

  1. Consumer Goods Distribution Channels
  2. Industrial Goods Distribution Channels

  • Services Distribution Channels
  • Channels Based on National and International Markets
• Choice of Channels- Factors Determining 
• Concept of Promotion (Marketing) 
  • Meaning and Features of Promotion
• Elements of Promotion Mix 
• Role of Promotion (Marketing) 
• Concept of Advertising (Marketing) 
  • Meaning and Features of Advertising
• Role of Advertising 
• Objections Against Advertising 
• Concept of Personal Selling 
  • Meaning and Features of personal selling
• Qualities of a Good Salesman 
• Concept of Sales Promotion 
• Techniques of Sales Promotion 
• Concept of Public Relations 
  • Meaning and Features of public relations
• Role of Public Relations 
• Role of Marketing 

• Selling and Marketing- Concept
• Marketing Management- Concept
• Marketing Functions
• Role of Marketing
• Marketing management philosophies
• Marketing Mix - Concept and elements
• Product branding,labelling and packaging - Concept
• Price- Concept, Factors determining price
• Physical Distribution - concept and components, channels of distribut on: types, choice of channels.

• Promotion - Concept and elements;
• Advertising­ concept, role, objections against advertising,
• Personal selling- concept and qualities of a good salesman,
• Sales Promotion- concept and techniques,
• Public Relations- concept and role

• Concept of Consumer Protection 
  • Meanng and Features of Consumer Protection
  • Importance of Consumer Protection
  • Rights and Responsibilities of Consumers
• Consumer Protection Act 1986 (COPRA) 
  • Salient features of The Indian Consumer Protection Act, 1986
  • Importance of Consumer Protection
  • Objectives of the Consumer Protection Act 1986
• Meaning of Consumer 
• Consumer Rights and Responsibilities 
• Legal Redressal Machinery Under Consumer Protection Act 1986 
• Remedies Available to the Consumer Under Consumer Protection Act 1986 
• Consumer Awareness 
• Role of Consumer Organizations and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) 
• Legal Protection to Consumers 

Concept and importance of consumer protection

• Consumer protection Act 1986: Meaning of consumer
• Rights and responsibilities of consumers Who can file a complaint against whom? Redressal machinery Remedies available
• Consumer awareness- Role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).