int Toy(int n)
{ return (n<=0)? 1: n%10 + Toy(n/10); }With reference to the program code given above, what will the function Toy() return when the value of n = 56?
Concept: Structured Data Types - Arrays (Single and Multi-dimensional), Strings
Write the statement in Java to extract the word “MISS” from the word “SUBMISSION”.
Concept: Example Algorithms that Use Structured Data Types (E.G. Searching, Finding Maximum/Minimum, Sorting Techniques, Solving Systems of Linear Equations, Substring, Concatenation, Length, Access to Char in String, Etc.)
What is the output of the statement given below?
System.out.print("FAN" + ("AUTOMATIC".charAt(5) ) );Concept: Example Algorithms that Use Structured Data Types (E.G. Searching, Finding Maximum/Minimum, Sorting Techniques, Solving Systems of Linear Equations, Substring, Concatenation, Length, Access to Char in String, Etc.)
Design a class Check which checks whether a word is a palindrome or not.
(Palindrome words are those which spell the same from either ends).
Example: MADAM, LEVEL etc.
The details of the members of the class are given below:
| Class name | Check |
| Data members/instance variables: | |
| wrd | stores a word |
| len | to store the length of the word |
| Methods/Member functions: | |
| Check( ) | default constructor |
| void acceptword( ) | to accept the word |
| boolean palindrome( ) | checks and returns ‘true’ if the word is a palindrome otherwise returns ‘false’ |
| void display( ) | displays the word along with an appropriate message |
Specify the class Check giving details of the constructor, void acceptword( ), boolean palindrome( ) and void display( ). Define the main( ) function to create an object and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Concept: Basic Input/Output Using Scanner and Printer Classes from JDK
Design a class Toggle which toggles a word by converting all upper case alphabets to lower case and vice versa.
Example: The word “mOTivATe” becomes “MotIVatE”
The details of the members of the class are given below:
| Class name | Toggle |
| Data members/instance variables: | |
| str | stores a word |
| newstr | stores the toggled word |
| len | to store the length of the word |
| Methods/Member functions: | |
| Toggle( ) | default constructor |
| void readword( ) | to accept the word |
| void toggle( ) | converts the upper case alphabets to lower case and all lower case alphabets to upper case and stores it in newstr |
| void display( ) | displays the original word along with the toggled word |
Specify the class Toggle giving details of the constructor, void readword( ), void toggle( ) and void display( ). Define the main( ) function to create an object and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Concept: Basic Input/Output Using Scanner and Printer Classes from JDK
Give one reason, why iteration is better than recursion.
Concept: Concept of Recursion
Differentiate between direct recursion and indirect recursion.
Concept: Concept of Recursion
A class Fibo has been defined to generate the Fibonacci series 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ……. (Fibonacci series are those in which the sum of the previous two terms is equal to the next term).
Some of the members of the class are given below:
| Class name | Fibo |
| Data member/instance variable: | |
| start | integer to store the start value |
| end | integer to store the end value |
| Member functions/methods: | |
| Fibo( ) | default constructor |
| void read( ) | to accept the numbers |
| int fibo(int n) | return the nth term of a Fibonacci series using recursive technique |
| void display( ) | displays the Fibonacci series from start to end by invoking the function fibo() |
Specify the class Fibo, giving details of the Constructor, void read( ), int fibo(int), and void display( ). Define the main() function to create an object and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Concept: Simple Recursive Functions (e.g. Factorial, GCD, Binary Search, Conversion of Representations of Numbers Between Different Bases)
A class Gcd has been defined to find the Greatest Common Divisor of two integer numbers. Some of the members of the class are given below:
| Class name | Gcd |
| Data member/instance variable: | |
| num1 | integer to store the first number |
| num2 | integer to store the second number |
| Member functions/methods: | |
| Gcd( ) | default constructor |
| void accept( ) | to accept the numbers |
| int gcd(int x,int y) | return the GCD of the two numbers x and y using recursive technique |
| void display( ) | displays the result with an appropriate message |
Specify the class Gcd, giving details of the Constructor, void accept( ), int gcd(int,int), and void display( ). Define the main() function to create an object and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Concept: Simple Recursive Functions (e.g. Factorial, GCD, Binary Search, Conversion of Representations of Numbers Between Different Bases)
The ability of an object to take many forms is known as ______.
Concept: Subclass Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding
A super class Godown has been defined to store the details of the stock of a retail store. Define a subclass Update to store the details of the items purchased with the new rate and update the stock. Some of the members of both the classes are given below:
| Class name | Godown |
| Data members/instance variables: | |
| item | to store the name of the item |
| qty | to store the quantity of an item in stock |
| rate | to store the unit price of an item |
| amt | to store the net value of the item in stock |
| Member functions/methods: | |
| Godown(…) | parameterized constructor to assign value to the data members |
| void display( ) | to display the stock details |
| Class name | Update |
| Data members/instance variables: | |
| pur_qty | to store the purchase quantity |
| pur_rate | to store the unit price of the purchased item |
| Member functions/methods: | |
| Update(…) | parameterized constructor to assign values to the data members of both the classes |
| void update( ) | to update the stock by adding the previous quantity by the purchased quantity and replace the rate of the item if there is a difference in the purchase rate. Also update the current stock value as: (quantity * unit price) |
| void display( ) | to display the stock details before and after updating |
Assume that the super class Godown has been defined. Using the concept of inheritance, specify the class Update giving details of the constructor, void update ( ) and void display( ).
The super class, main function and algorithm need NOT be written.
Concept: Member Access in Derived Classes
The keyword used by a class to acquire the properties of an interface is:
Concept: Basic Data Structures (Stack, Queue, Dequeue)
State the principle by which the stack data structure works.
Concept: Basic Data Structures (Stack, Queue, Dequeue)
Convert the following infix notation to postfix notation:
A * (B + C / D ) – E / F Concept: Conversion of Infix to Prefix and Post Fix Notations
Answer the following question on the diagram of a Binary Tree given below:
State the degree of the nodes C and G. Also, state the level of these nodes when the root is at level 0.
Concept: Recursive Data Structures - Single Linked List (Algorithm and Programming), Binary Trees, Tree Traversals (Conceptual)
Answer the following question on the diagram of a Binary Tree given below:
Write the pre-order and post-order traversal of the above tree structure.
Concept: Recursive Data Structures - Single Linked List (Algorithm and Programming), Binary Trees, Tree Traversals (Conceptual)
A Queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out).
Define a class Queue with the following details:
| Class name | Queue |
| Data member/instance variable: | |
| dat[ ] | array to hold the integer elements |
| cap | stores the maximum capacity of the queue |
| front | to point the index of the front |
| rear | to point the index of the rear |
| Member functions/methods: | |
| Queue(int max) | constructor to initialize the data member cap = max, front = rear = 0 and create the integer array |
| void add_dat(int v) | to add integers from the rear index if possible else display the message(“Queue full”) |
| int pop_dat( ) | to remove and return elements from front, if any, else returns -999 |
| void display() | to display elements of the queue |
Specify the class Queue giving the details of void add_dat(int) and int pop_dat( ). Assume that the other functions have been defined.
The main( ) function and algorithm need NOT be written.
Concept: Basic Data Structures (Stack, Queue, Dequeue)
