Answer 1

Various challenges faced by political parties:

Lack of internal democracy

This is caused by the concentration of power in the hands of a few leaders. As a result, positions at the top are reserved for the leaders’ relatives (dynastic succession) or people close to them.

Increased dependence on money and muscle power

This causes the party policies to be moulded by groups which supply these to the party.

Failure to provide a meaningful choice to the voters

This is because of the decline in fundamental, ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world.