Answer 1

Disorders of the adrenal gland:

i. Addison’s disease: It is caused due to hypersecretion of glucocorticoids (hormone secreted adrenal cortex). It is characterized by low blood sugar, low Na⁺, and high K⁺ concentration in plasma increased loss of Na⁺ and water in urine. It leads to weight loss, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

ii. Cushing’s disease: It is caused due to Hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids (a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex) It leads to high blood sugar levels, excretion of glucose in the urine, rise in Na⁺ level in the blood, high blood pressure, obesity, and wasting of limb muscles.