# Let Us Take the Position of Mass When the Spring is Unstretched As X = 0, and the Direction from Left to Right as the Positive Direction of the X-axis. Give X As a Function of Time T for the Oscillating Mass If at the Moment We Start the Stopwatch (T - Physics

let us take the position of mass when the spring is unstretched as x = 0, and the direction from left to right as the positive direction of the x-axis. Give as a function of time t for the oscillating mass if at the moment we start the stopwatch (= 0), the mass is

(a) at the mean position,

(b) at the maximum stretched position, and

(c) at the maximum compressed position.

In what way do these functions for SHM differ from each other, in frequency, in amplitude or the initial phase?

#### Solution 1

(a) x = 2sin 20t

(b) x = 2cos 20t

(c) x = –2cos 20t

The functions have the same frequency and amplitude, but different initial phases.

Distance travelled by the mass sideways, A = 2.0 cm

Force constant of the spring, k = 1200 N m–1

Mass, m = 3 kg

Angular frequency of oscillation:

omega =  sqrt(k/m)

= sqrt(1200/3)= sqrt400  = 20 rad s^(-1)

a) When the mass is at the mean position, initial phase is 0.

Displacement, x = Asin ωt

= 2sin 20t

b) At the maximum stretched position, the mass is toward the extreme right. Hence, the initial phase is pi/2

Displacement , x = Asin(omegat + pi/2)

= 2sin (20t + pi/2)

= 2cos 20t

(c) At the maximum compressed position, the mass is toward the extreme left. Hence, the initial phase is (3pi)/2

Displacement, x = Asin(omegat + 3pi/2)

= 2sin (20t + 3pi/2) = - 2 cos 20 t

The functions have the same frequency  (20/(2pi) Hz)  and amplitude (2 cm), but different initial phases (0, pi/2, (3pi)/2)

#### Solution 2

a =2 cm, omega = sqrt(k/m) = sqrt(1200/3) s^(-1)= 20s^(-1)

a) Since time s measured from mean position

b) At the maximum stretched position, tyhe body is at the extreme right position. The initial phase is pi/2

:. x = a sin (omegat + pi/2) = a cos omegat =  2 cos  20 t

c) At the maximum compressed position, the body is at the extreme left position. The initial phase is (3pi)/2

:. x = a sin (omegat  + (3pi)/2) = - a cosomegat = - 2 cos 20t

Concept: Some Systems Executing Simple Harmonic Motion
Is there an error in this question or solution?

#### APPEARS IN

NCERT Class 11 Physics
Chapter 14 Oscillations
Q 10 | Page 359