Question

Fluorine shows only –1 oxidation state while other halogens show –1, +1, +3, +5 and +7 oxidation states. Explain.

Explain why fluorine shows only –1 oxidation state while other halogens show higher positive oxidation state?

Answer 1

1. The fluorine atom has no d-orbitals in its valence shell and therefore, cannot expand its octet. Thus, fluorine is the most electronegative exhibit –1 oxidation state only.
2. Cl, Br, and I exhibit –1, +1, +3, +5, and +7 oxidation states. This is because they are less electronegative than F and possess empty d-orbitals in the valence shell and therefore, can expand the octet.