Answer 1

 

Process of urbanization	Effects	Explanation
Emergence of slums	Illegal settlements Insufficient facilities	Low income compels economically weaker sections to build temporary houses in open spaces that do not come under the record of local government cannot provide basic facilities.
Migration	Increase in population because of the attraction of good lifestyle Can be short-term or long-term	Migration occurs due to various push and pulls factors. The attraction of a good life-style, availability of basic necessities, education, healthcare, economic opportunities attract/pull people from the village to the city.
Pollution	Air pollution linked to premature death(as per WHO)    Water pollution causes diseases like cholera, typhoid	Pollution affects the natural environment and thus reducing the quality of life. For example, Delhi pollution has become so severe that 35% of people of Delhi want to relocate elsewhere, according to a recent survey.
Mechanization and technology	Employment opportunities were generated Increase in amenities and facilities	Mechanization and technology increase productivity which increases the demand for new skill sets, thus creating employment opportunities.
Change from rural to urban	Industrialization and Urbanization	Industrialization led to the conversion of rural areas into urban areas with the introduction of factories and subsequent change in the nature of employment