4 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 16 good ones. It is not possible to just look at a pen and tell whether or not it is defective. One pen is drawn at random from the lot. What is the probability that the pen is defective?
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Solution
Total number of pens = 4+16=20
Total possible outcomes=20
Number of defective pens=4
p(defective pen)=`4/20=1/5`
Concept: Probability - A Theoretical Approach
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