मराठी
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary EducationSSLC (English Medium) Class 8
पाठ्यपुस्तक उत्तरे६९४४
संकल्पना स्पष्टीकरण२८४
अभ्यासक्रम

Social Science SSLC (English Medium) Class 8 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2026-27

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Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus - Free PDF Download

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2026-27 Class 8: The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Tamil Nadu Board, Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.

The detailed Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.

Academic year:

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Revised Syllabus

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme

#Unit/TopicWeightage
1  History 
1.1  Advent of the Europeans 
1.2  From Trade to Territory 
1.3  Rural Life and Society 
1.4  People’s Revolt 
1.5  Educational Development in India 
1.6  Development of Industries in India 
1.7  Urban Changes During the British Period 
1.8  Status of Women in India Through the Ages 
2  Geography 
2.1  Rocks and Soils 
2.2  Weather and Climate 
2.3  Hydrologic Cycle 
2.4  Migration and Urbanisation 
2.5  Hazards 
2.6  Industries 
2.7  Exploring Continents Africa, Australia and Antarctica 
2.8  Map Reading 
3  Civics 
3.1  How the State Government Works 
3.2  Citizens and Citizenship 
3.3  Understanding Secularism 
3.4  Human Rights and UNO 
3.5  Road Safety Rules and Regulations 
3.6  Defence and Foreign Policy 
3.7  The Judiciary 
4  Economics 
4.1  Money, Savings and Investments 
4.2  Public and Private Sectors 
 Total -
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Syllabus

1: History

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus
1.1 Advent of the Europeans
  • Introduction of Advent of the Europeans  
  • Sources of Modern India  
    • Kinds of Souces
    • Written Sources
    • Archives
    • Tamil Nadu Archives
    • Material Sources
  • Advent of the Europeans  
    • Portugal
    • Vasco da Gama
    • Francisco de Almeida (1505-1509)
    • Alfonso de Albuquerque (1509-1515)
    • Nino de Cunha (1529-1538)
    • The Dutch
    • Dutch in Tamil Nadu
    • The British
    • Danish
    • The French
    • Conclusion
1.2 From Trade to Territory
  • Introduction of From Trade to Territory  
  • Establishment of Political Power by the English East India Company in Bengal  
    • Battle of Plassey (1757)
    • Battle of Buxar (1764)
  • The British and French Conflict (Carnatic Wars)  
    • First Carnatic war (1746 - 48)
    • Second Carnatic War (1749 - 54)
    • Third Carnatic War (1756 - 63)
  • Mysore and Its Resistance to British Expansion  
    • The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767 - 69)
    • The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84)
    • The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92)
    • The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) 
  • Anglo-Maratha Wars  
    • The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82)
    • The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05)
    • The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18)
  • The British Administrative Organisation in India  
    • Civil Services
    • Army
    • Police
    • Judicial system
  • The Subsidiary Alliance  
    • Main Features of Subsidiary Alliance
    • Merits for the British
    • Defects of the Princely States
  • Doctrine of Lapse  
    • Factors for the success of the British
    • Conclusion
1.3 Rural Life and Society
  • Rural Life and Society  
    • Villages
    • Farmers or Cultivators
  • The Land Revenue Policy Under the British  
    • Permanent Settlement
    • Salient Features of the Permanent Settlement
    • Merits
    • Demerits
    • Ryotwari system
    • Salient Features of the Ryotwari system
    • Effects of the Ryotwari Settlement
    • Mahalwari system
    • Salient Features of the Mahalwari Settlement
    • Effects of the Mahalwari Settlement
    • Impact of the British land revenue system on the cultivators
  • Peasants Revolts  
    • The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)
    • Indigo Revolt (1859-60)
    • Pabna Revolt (1873-76)
    • Deccan Riots (1875)
    • Punjab Peasant Movement (1890-1900)
    • Champaran Satyagraha (1917-18)
    • Kheda (Kaira) Satyagraha (1918)
    • Moplah Rebellion (1921)
    • Bardoli Satyagraha (1929-30)
1.4 People’s Revolt
  • Introduction of People's Revolt  
  • Origin of Palayam  
  • Early Revolts of South India  
    • Revolt of the Palayakkars
    • Puli Thevar
    • Virapandya Kattabomman
    • Nawab of Arot
    • Kattabomman met Jackson
    • Edward Clive and Kattabomman
    • The confederacy of Palayakkarars
    • Fall of Panchalamkuruchi
    • Velu Nachiyar
    • Marudu Brothers
    • Causes for the conflict
    • The South Indian Rebellion (1800-1801)
    • The Tiruchirappalli Proclamation (1801)
    • English annexed Sivagangai
    • Dheeran Chinnamalai
  • Vellore Revolt (1806)  
    • Causes for the revolt
    • Immediate Cause
    • Course of the Revolt
    • Suppression of the Revolt
    • Effects of the Vellore Revolt
    • Causes for the failure of the Revolt
1.5 Educational Development in India
  • Educational Development of Independent India  
  • Education in Ancient India  
    • Sources of Learning
    • Ancient Education System in India: A Way of Life
    • Viharas and Universities Buddhist Period
    • Role of the Teacher
  • Education in Medieval India  
  • Modern System of Education  
    • Role of Christian Missionaries
    • Education in the British Rule
    1. From the early days of the British rule up to 1813
    2. Period from 1813–1853
    3. Period from 1854–1920
    4. Period from 1921–1947 
  • National Policy on Education  
  • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Rastriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)  
  • Educational Development in Tamil Nadu  
    • Education in Modern period
    • Education since independence
1.6 Development of Industries in India
  • Introduction of Development of Industries in India  
    • Traditional Crafts of India
    • Decline of Indian Industries
    1. Loss of Royal Patronage
    2. Transition from producer to exporter of raw materials
    3. Competition of Machine-Made Goods
    4. Trading policy of the British
    5. De-Industrialisation
    • Beginning of Modern Industries
    1. Plantation Industries
    2. Machine-based Industries
    3. Heavy Industries
    • Growth of Modern Industries
    • Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
    • Industrial Growth in India
    • Phases of Industrial development in India
    1. Industrial development during 1950s to1965
    2. Industrial development during 1965–1980
    3. Industrial Development during 1980s till 1991
    4. Industrial Development Post 1991 Reforms
    • Modernisation
    • Self-Reliance
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion
1.7 Urban Changes During the British Period
  • Introduction of Urban Changes During the British Period  
  • Ancient Towns  
  • Medieval Towns  
  • Modern Towns  
    • Unique features of urbanisation under the British
    1. De-industrialisation
    2. De-urbanisation
    3. The Growth of New Urban Centres
    1. Port cities
    2. Cantonment towns
    3. Hill stations
    4. Railway towns
    • Creation of Municipalities and Corporation
    1. First phase (1688-1882)
    2. Second phase (1882-1920)
    3. Third phase (1920-1950)
    • Administration of the Presidency Towns
    • Origin and Growth of Madras
    • Madrasapatnam
    • Making of Chennai
    • Bombay
    • Calcutta
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion
1.8 Status of Women in India Through the Ages
  • Introduction of Status of Women in India Through the Ages  
  • The Position of Women  
    1. Ancient Period
    2. Medieval Period
    3. British Period
  • Major Social Evils  
    1. Female infanticide
    2. Female Foeticide
    3. Child marriage
    4. Sati
    5. Devadasi System
  • Role of Social Reformers  
    1. Raja Rammohan Roy
    2. Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar
    3. Kandukuri Veeresalingam
    4. M.G. Ranade and B.M. Malabari
    5. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
    6. Periyar E.V.R.
    7. Women Reformers
  • Women in the Freedom Movement  
  • Impact of Reform Movement  
  • Women in Independent India  

2: Geography

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus
2.1 Rocks and Soils
  • Introduction of Rocks and Soils  
  • Rock and it's Types  
  • Soil Formation and Preparation for Agriculture  
2.2 Weather and Climate
  • Weather and Climate  
    • Introduction
    • Weather related / Climatic factors
    • Changes in Weather
  • Climate  
  • Elements of Weather and Climate  
    1. Temperature
    2. Factors affecting the distribution of temperature
    3. Measuring Temperature
    4. Heat zones of the earth
    1. Torrid Zone
    2. Temperate zone
    3. Frigid Zone
    • Highest Temperature ever recorded
    • Lowest Temperature ever recorded
  • Rainfall and It's Types  
    • Rainfall
    • Types of Rainfall
      1. Convectional Rainfall
      2. Orographic Rainfall
      3. Cyclonic Rainfall
  • Atmospheric Pressure  
2.3 Hydrologic Cycle
  • Water on the Earth  
  • Hydrologic Cycle Or Water Cycle  
  • Components of Hydrologic Cycle  
    • Evapotranspiration
    1. Evaporation
    2. Transpiration 
    3. Condensation
    • Forms of Condensation
    1. Dew
    2. Frost
    3. Fog
    4. Mist
    5. Clouds
2.4 Migration and Urbanisation
  • Introduction of Migration and Urbanisation  
  • Migration  
    • On the basis of Region:
      A. Internal migration
      B. External Migration
    • Classification by Duration:
      A. Short-term
      B. Long-Term
  • Factors of Migration  
    1. Ecological or Natural Causes of Migration
    2. Economic causes of Migration
    3. Socio-Cultural causes of Migration
    4. Demographic causes of Migration
    5. Political causes of Migration
  • Types of Migration  
  • Consequences of Migration  
    • Economic Consequences
    • Demographic Consequences
    • Social Consequences
    • Environmental Consequences
    • Others
  • Urbanisation in India  
    • Urbanization
    • Distinct Phases of Urban Growth in India
  • Causes of Urbanisation  
  • Origin and Growth of World Urbanisation  
    • Ancient Period
    • Medieval Period
    • Modern Period
  • Consequences of Urbanisation  
    1. Housing and Slums
    2. Over Crowding
    3. Water supply, Drainage and Sanitation
    4. Transportation and Traffic
    5. Pollution
2.5 Hazards
  • Introduction of Hazards  
  • Hazards  
  • Types of Hazards  
    • Based on their causes of occurrence
    1. Natural hazards
    2. Human-made hazards
    3. Socio-natural hazards (Quasi-natural hazards)
    • Based on their origin
    1. Atmospheric hazard
    2. Geologic/Seismic hazard
    3. Hydrologic hazard
    4. Volcanic hazard
    5. Environmental hazard
    6. Biological hazard
    7. Technological hazard
    8. Human-induced hazard
  • Major Hazards in India  
    1. Earthquakes
    2. Floods
    3. Cyclonic Storms
    4. Droughts
    5. Landslides
    6. Tsunami
    7. Hazardous Wastes
    8. Pollution of Air
    9. Pollution of Water
  • Need for Prevention Measures  
2.6 Industries
2.7 Exploring Continents Africa, Australia and Antarctica
  • Introduction of Exploring Continents Africa, Australia and Antarctica  
  • Continent: Africa  
    • Location and size
    • Political Divisions
    • Physiographic Divisions
    1. Sahara
    2. Sahel
    3. Savanna
    4. The Great Rift Valley and the Great Lakes of Africa
    5. East African Highlands
    6. Swahili Coast
    7. The Congo Basin or Zaire Basin
    8. Southern Africa
    • Drainage of Africa 
    1. River Nile
    2. River Congo or Zaire
    3. River Niger
    4. River Zambezi
    • Climate
    1. Arid and semi-arid climate
    2. Tropical savanna climate
    3. Equatorial climate
    4. Temperate climate
    5. Mediterranean climate
    6. Tropical Monsoon climate
    • Flora and Fauna
    • Agriculture
    • Minerals
    • Transport
    1. Land ways
    2. Waterways
    3. Airways
    • Population
  • Continent: Australia  
    • Location and Size
    • Political Divisions
    • Physical Divisions
    • The Great Western Plateau
    • The Central Low lands
    • The Eastern Highlands
    • The Great Artesian Basin
    • Great Barrier Reef
    • Drainage
    • Climate
    • Flora and Fauna
    • Economic Activities
    • Mineral Resources
    • Industries
    • Transport
    • Population
  • Continent: Antarctica  
    • Location and Size
    • Climate
    • Flora and Fauna
    • Minerals
    • Expedition to Antarctica
    • Aurora
2.8 Map Reading
  • Map Reading  
    1. Natural Features
    2. Man-made Features
  • Types of Maps  
  • Uses of Maps  
    • Measurement of Distance
    • Measurement of Direction
    • Measurement of Area

3: Civics

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus
3.1 How the State Government Works
  • Introduction of How the State Government Works  
  • The State Executive  
    • The Governor
    • Powers and functions
    • Position of the Governor
    • The Chief Minister
    • Powers and Functions
  • The Legislature  
    • Legislative Council
    • Legislative Assembly
    • Election to the Assembly
    • The States Council of Ministers
    • The working of the State Government
    • How laws are made in State Government?
    • Executing Laws
  • Judiciary of State  
    • High Courts:
    • Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court:
      - Original Jurisdiction
      - Appellate Jurisdiction
      - Writ Jurisdiction
      - Supervisory Jurisdiction 
      - Court of Record
3.2 Citizens and Citizenship
  • Introduction of Citizens and Citizenship  
  • Citizen and Citizenship  
    • Types of Citizen
    • Natural Citizen
    • Naturalised Citizens
  • Acquisition of Citizenship  
    1. By Birth
    2. By Descent
    3. By Registration
    4. By Naturalisation
    5. By incorporation of Territory
  • Loss of Indian Citizenship  
    • Renunciation
    • Termination
    • Deprivation
  • Single Citizenship  
  • Rights and Duties of Citizen  
  • Qualities of a Good Citizen  
  • Global Citizenship  
  • Overseas Citizenship of India  
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion
3.3 Understanding Secularism
  • Introduction of Understanding Secularism  
    • What does Secularism mean?
    • Objectives of Secularism
    • The Characteristic Features of a Secular State
    • Importance of Secularism
    • Constitution and Secularism
    • The Constitution of India has the following distinguishing features
    • Mosaic of Constitutional Provisions
    • Why do we need secular education?
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion
3.4 Human Rights and UNO
  • Introduction of Human Rights  
    • What are Human Rights?
    • Where do Human Rights come from?
    • Written Precursors of Human Rights Documents
    • The Birth of United Nations
    • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
    • Human Rights are based on the values of
    • Dignity
    • Justice
    • Equality
    • Basic Characteristics of Human Rights
    • Kinds of Human Rights
    • Human Rights Commission
    • Human Rights Organisations
    • Child Rights
    • Women Rights
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion
3.5 Road Safety Rules and Regulations
  • Introduction of Road Safety Rules and Regulations  
    • Importance of Road Safety
    • Reasons for the Road Accidents
    • Over Speeding
    • Drunken Driving
    • Distraction to Drivers
    • Red Light Jumping
    • Other different factors
    • Safety Measures
    • Traffic Signs
    • Traffic Signals
    • Red
    • Amber (Yellow)
    • Green
    • Steady Green Arrow Signal
    • Flashing Red Signal
    • Flashing Yellow Signal
    • Traffic Rules in India
    • Different colour Number Plates
    • Steps taken by the Government to prevent Road Accidents
    • Road Safety Week 
    • Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 - 2020
    • The international Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion
3.6 Defence and Foreign Policy
  • Introduction of Defence  
  • Need for Defence System  
  • Indian Defence Services  
    • Security Forces in India can be divided into
  • Indian Armed Forces  
    • Army
    • Navy
    • Air Force 
    • Indian Coast Guard (ICG) 
  • Paramilitary Defence Forces  
    • Assam Rifles (AR)
    • Special Frontier Force (SFF)
  • Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF)  
    • Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
    • Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
    • Border Security Force (BSF)
    • Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
    • Sashastra Seema Bal/ Special Service Bureau (SSB)
    • Home Guard
  • Introduction of Foreign Policy of India  
    • Basic Principles of Foreign Policy
    • Panchsheel
    • Non-Alignment
    • India’s Relation with Neighbouring Countries
    • Neighbourhood First policy
    • Act East Policy
    • SAARC
    • BCIM
    • BIMSTEC
    • BBIN
3.7 The Judiciary
  • Introduction of The Judiciary  
    • Evolution of Indian Judiciary
    1. Judiciary during ancient period
    2. Judiciary during Medieval period
    3. Judiciary during Modern period
    • Judiciary and constitution
    • Structure of courts in India
    • Role of the Judiciary
    • Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
    1. Original Jurisdiction
    2. Appellate Jurisdiction
    3. Advisory Jurisdiction
    4. Writs Jurisdiction
    5. Court of Record
    6. Special Powers
    • High Court
    • The Litigation Process
    • Independent and impartial function of Judiciary
  • Tamils Around the World  
    • Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Fiji
    • Myanmar
    • Mauritius
    • Reunion

4: Economics

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 8 Social Science Syllabus
4.1 Money, Savings and Investments
  • Introduction of Money, Savings and Investments  
  • Evolution of Money  
    • Introduction
    • Flowchart
  • Value of Money  
  • Savings in Banks and Investments  
    • Savings
    1. Student Savings Account
    2. Savings Deposits
    3. Current Account Deposit
    4. Fixed Deposits
    • Benefits of Savings
    • Intensity to save among the students
    • Investments
    • Comparison of Savings and Investments
  • Concept of Black Money  
    • Introduction
    • Sources
    • Effects
    • Measures to Control
    • Cycle of Black Money
    • Real-Life Application
    • Key Point Summary
4.2 Public and Private Sectors
  • Introduction of Public and Private Sector  
    • Definition of Public Sector
    • History of public Sector
    • The objectives of Public Sector
    • Socio-Economic Development
    • Indicators of Socio-Economic Development
    • Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
    • Life Expectancy
    • Literacy
    • Employment
    • Provision of House , Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation
    • Importance of Public sector
    1. Public Sector and Capital Formation
    2. Economic Development
    3. Balanced Regional Development
    4. Employment Generation
    5. Export Promotion and Foreign Exchange Earnings
    6. Protection to Sick Industries
    7. Import Substitution
    • Difference between Public sector and private sector
    • Definition of Private sector
    • Functions of Private Sector

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