UG-CLAT entrance exam Question Bank Solutions for Legal Reasoning

Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.

Principle: A confession made in the court should be free and voluntary. A confession made under pressure is a weak type of evidence.

Factual Situation: Rahul and Amit are good students. They are room partners. Amit becomes friendly with Sunit who is a drug addict. Amit also starts consuming drugs. One day, Amit does not have money to buy drugs. He steals an imported watch of Rahul. Rahul complains to the police. Amit is arrested. In the lock-up, the police tell Amit that, if he confesses he may be released, Amit, confesses in the court. Decision

Actual-Reus and Mens Rea are essential elements of _____ law.

Which of the following is correct for the purpose of criminal deception?

LEGAL PRINCIPLES:
1. To constitute a punishable criminal offense, guilty intention must accompany an illegal act.
2. Criminal mischief means causing damage to public property intentionally or with the knowledge that harm may occur.

FACTUAL SITUATION: Neel being a Shahrukh Khan fan went for the premiere of the movie, Happy New Year. As usual, he carried his pen-knife, a gift from his dead mother. At the security check, impatient of waiting in the queue, Neel slunk past the guards and the metal detector when no one was watching. Later, he was apprehended in the hall and charged for mischief and possession of a weapon when it was expressly forbidden. DECISION:

Given below is the statement of Legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.

LEGAL PRINCIPLE: Article 19(1) (g) of the Constitution of India guarantees to all citizens the right to practice any profession, or to carry on any trade, occupation and business but Article 19 (6) empowers the State to impose reasonable restrictions on this right in the interest of public.

FACTUAL SITUATION: Having experienced an acute shortage of labour for agricultural purposes due to the engagement of agricultural laborer in the manufacture of Bidis, the state government enacted a law to prohibit such engagement of agricultural labour in the manufacture of Bidis. Whether the law violates constitutional provisions?
DECISION:

Principle: An agreement with a boy below the age of eighteen years is not enforceable by law.  

Facts:  A man entered into an agreement with a girl of seventeen years of age. 

Principle: The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made.

Facts: 'A‘ sent a letter making a proposal to 'B‘ to purchase the house of B.  

Principle: An agreement may be entered into orally, in writing, or by conduct.    

Facts:  'A‘ went to the shop of 'B‘ and picked a toothbrush and gave a cheque of Rupees twenty to B and left the shop. 

Principle: A person, who is usually mad, but occasionally not mad, may make a contract when he is not mad.  

Facts:  'A‘ generally remains in the state of madness and rarely becomes capable of understanding anything.

Principle: An agreement without free consent can be enforced only at the option of the party whose consent was not free.

Facts:  A obtains the consent of B to enter into an agreement by putting a gun on the head of B‘s girlfriend. 

Principle: Law never enforces an impossible promise.  

Facts:  'A‘ made a promise to 'B‘ to discover treasure by magic. 

Principle: Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the decision of a person to enter into a contract is not a fraud.

Facts: A sells to B (A‘s daughter who is a minor) a horse which A  knows to be unsound.  A says nothing to B about the unsoundness of the horse.

Principle: An interest created, dependent upon a condition fails, if the fulfillment of the condition is impossible.

Facts: A promises to pay Rs. Ten Lakh to B on condition that he shall marry A‘s daughter C. At the date on which A gave Rs. Ten Lac to B, C was dead. 

Principle: A condition must be complied with after the happening of the event to which such a condition is attached.

Facts:  A promises to pay Rs. 5,000 to B on the condition that he shall marry with the consent of C, D, and E. B marries without the consent of C, D, and E, but obtains their consent after the marriage. 

Principle: A condition must have complied in order to claim the benefit of an agreement.

Facts:  A agrees to transfer a farm to B, if B shall not go to England within three years after the date of the agreement, his interest in the farm shall cease. B does not go to England within the term prescribed.

Principle: Terms of any written contract can be proved by producing the written contract only and oral evidence is excluded.

Facts: A gives B receipt for money paid by B. Oral evidence is offered to prove payment. 

Consists of legal proposition(s)/  principle(s) (hereinafter referred to as 'principle') and facts. Such principles may or may not be true in the real and legal sense, yet you have to conclusively assume them to be true for the purposes of this Section. In other words, in answering these questions, you must not rely on any principle except the principles that are given herein below for every question.  
Further, you must not assume any facts other than those stated in the question. The objective of this section is to test your interest in the study of law, research aptitude, and problem-solving ability, even if the 'most reasonable conclusion' arrived at may be absurd or unacceptable for any other reason. It is not the objective of this section to test your knowledge of the law.  
Therefore, to answer a question, the principle is to be applied to the given facts and to choose the most appropriate option. 

Principle: When a person who has made a promise to another person to do something does not fulfill his promise, the other person becomes entitled to receive, from the person who did not fulfill his promise, compensation in the form of money.

Facts: ‘X’ made a promise to ‘Y’ to repair his car engine. ‘Y’ made the payment for repair. After the repair, ‘Y’ went for a drive in the same car. While driving the car, ‘Y’ met with an accident due to the bursting of a tire.

Legal Principle: An essential condition in a contract for the sale of goods is that the seller has title over the goods sold.

Fact Situation: Ranjan pays rupees two thousand and buys a watch from Mohit who runs a watch showroom and a repair shop. Jatin sees the watch with Ranjan and tells him that it is his watch and was only given to Mohit for repairs. If what Jatin says is true

Which of the following statements is the most appropriate in relation to the legal principle stated above?

Legal Principle: The insurer agrees to pay no more than the actual amount of the loss.

Fact Situation: Sunny insures his car worth rupees five lakh with X, an insurance company, for its value. He again insures the same car with Y, another insurance company, on the same terms. There is an accident and the car suffers a total loss. In his separate suits against X and Y, if Sunny recovers rupees five lakh from X, how much can he recover from Y?

Which of the following statements is the most appropriate in relation to the legal principle stated above?

Legal Principle: Agreements in restraint of trade are void and unenforceable.

Fact Situation: Manu has been working as a blacksmith in his village for many decades. Somu has been undergoing training with him for the past three years. After his training is over, Somu enters into an agreement with Manu that he will not start a competing business in the same village while Manu is alive.

Which of the following statements is the most appropriate in relation to the legal principle stated above?