NCERT solutions for सोशल साइंस अन्डर्स्टैन्डिंग इकॉनॉमिक डिवेलपमेंट [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १० chapter 4 - Globalisation and the Indian Economy [Latest edition]

Complete the following statement to show how the production process in the garment industry is spread across countries.

The brand tag says ‘Made in Thailand’ but they are not Thai products. We dissect the manufacturing process and look for the best solution at each step. We are doing it globally. In making garments, the company may, for example, get cotton fibre from Korea, ..............

Read the passage and answer the questions.

1. Would you say Ford Motors is a MNC? Why?
2. What is foreign investment? How much did Ford Motors invest in India?
3. By setting up their production plants in India, MNCs such as Ford Motors tap the advantage not only of the large markets that countries such as India provide, but also the lower costs of production. Explain the statement.
4. Why do you think the company wants to develop India as a base for manufacturing car components for its global operations? Discuss the following factors:
   1. cost of labour and other resources in India
   2. the presence of several local manufacturers who supply auto parts to Ford Motors
   3. closeness to a large number of buyers in India and China
5. In what ways will the production of cars by Ford Motors in India lead to interlinking of production?
6. In what ways is a MNC different from other companies?
7. Nearly all major multinationals are American, Japanese or European, such as Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Honda, Nokia. Can you guess why?

What was the main channel connecting countries in the past? How is it different now?

Differentiate between foreign trade and foreign investment.

In recent years, China has been importing steel from India. Explain how the import of steel by China will affect.

1. steel companies in China.
2. steel companies in India.
3. industries buying steel for the production of other industrial goods in China.

How will the import of steel from India into the Chinese markets lead to the integration of markets for steel in the two countries? Explain.

What is the role of MNCs in the globalisation process?

What are the various ways in which countries can be linked?

Globalisation, by connecting countries, shall result in ______

In the above example, underline the words describing the use of technology in production.

How is information technology connected with globalisation?

Would globalisation have been possible without expansion of IT?

What do you understand by liberalisation of foreign trade?

Tax on imports is one type of trade barrier. The government could also place a limit on the number of goods that can be imported. This is known as quotas. Can you explain, using the example of Chinese toys, how quotas can be used as trade barriers? Do you think this should be used? Discuss.

WTO was started at the initiative of ______ countries. The aim of the WTO is to ______. WTO establishes rules regarding ______ for all countries, and sees that ______. In practice, trade between countries is not ______. Developing countries like India have ______, whereas developed countries, in many cases, have continued to provide protection to their producers.

What do you think can be done so that trade between countries is more fair?

In the above example, we saw that the US government gives massive sums of money to farmers for production. At times, governments also give support to promote the production of certain types of goods, such as those which are environmentally friendly. Discuss whether these are fair or not.

How has competition benefited people in India?

Should more Indian companies emerge as MNCs? How would it benefit the people in the country?

Why do governments try to attract more foreign investment?

In Chapter 1, we saw what may be development for one may be destructive for others. The setting of SEZs has been opposed by some people in India. Find out who are these people and why are they opposing it.

What are the ways in which Ravi’s small production unit was affected by rising competition?

Should producers such as Ravi stop production because their cost of production is higher compared to producers in other countries? What do you think?

Recent studies point out that small producers in India need three things to compete better in the market (a) better roads, power, water, raw materials, marketing and information network (b) improvements and modernisation of technology (c) timely availability of credit at reasonable interest rates.

• Can you explain how these three things would help Indian producers?
• Do you think MNCs will be interested in investing in these? Why?
• Do you think the government has a role in making these facilities available? Why?
• Can you think of any other step that the government could take? Discuss.

In what ways has competition affected workers, Indian exporters and foreign MNCs in the garment industry?

What can be done by the government so that the workers can get a fair share of benefits brought by globalisation?

What can be done by MNCs so that the workers can get a fair share of benefits brought by globalisation?

What can be done by workers so that they can get a fair share of benefits brought by globalisation?

One of the present debates in India is whether companies should have flexible policies for employment. Based on what you have read in the chapter, summarise the point of view of the employers and workers.

What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words.

What was the reason for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?

How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?

What are the various ways in which MNCs set up, control or produce in other countries?

Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?

“The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.

How has liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process?

How does foreign trade lead to integration of markets across countries? Explain with an example other than those given here.

Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.

Supposing you find two people arguing: One is saying globalisation has hurt our country’s development. The other is telling, globalisation is helping India develop. How would you respond to these organisations?

Indian buyers have a greater choice of goods than they did two decades back. This is closely associated with the process of ______. Markets in India are selling goods produced in many other countries. This means there is increasing ______ with other countries. Moreover, the rising number of brands that we see in the markets might be produced by MNCs in India. MNCs are investing in India because ______. While consumers have more choices in the market, the effect of rising ______ and ______ has meant greater ______ among the producers.

Match the following.

The past two decades of globalisation has seen rapid movements in ______.

The most common route for investments by MNCs in countries around the world is to ______.

Globalisation has led to improvement in living conditions:

Take some branded products that we use every day (soaps, toothpaste, garments, electronic goods, etc.). Check which of these are produced by MNCs.

Take any Indian industry or service of your choice. Collect information and photographs from newspapers, magazine clippings, books, television, internet, interviews with people on the following aspects of the industry.

1. Various producers/companies in the industry
2. Is the product exported to other countries?
3. Are there MNCs among the producers?
4. Competition in the industry
5. Conditions of work in the industry
6. Has there been any major change in the industry in the past 15 years?
7. Problems that people in the industry face.