UG-CLAT entrance exam Question Bank Solutions for Logical Reasoning

Read the following information and answer the question that follows.

"Perhaps the earliest work of Archimedes that we have is that on 'Plane Equilibrium'. In this, some fundamental principles of mechanics are set forth as rigorous geometric propositions. The work opens with famous postulate 'Equal weights at equal distances are in equilibrium; equal weights at unequal distances are not in equilibrium, but incline toward the weight at the greater distance".

According to this passage, which one of the following values can be assigned to the statement inequal weights at equal distances are in disequilibrium?

Read the following information and answer the question that follows.

"Perhaps the earliest work of Archimedes that we have is that on 'Plane Equilibrium'. In this, some fundamental principles of mechanics are set forth as rigorous geometric propositions. The work opens with famous postulate 'Equal weights at equal distances are in equilibrium; equal weights at unequal distances are not in equilibrium, but incline toward the weight at the greater distance".

According to this passage, which one of the following values can be assigned to the statement inequal weights at inequal distances are in disequilibrium?

'Gregor Mendel in examining tea-plants found two sharply marked races, the tall and the short. He experimentally fertilized flowers of tall plants with pollen of short. The offspring were tall plants. He next let the flowers of this first generation be fertilized with their own pollen. In the following generation, shortness reappeared. Tallness and shortness were distributed not at random but in a definite, constant, and simple ratio: three dominant tails to one recessive short'.

Which one of the following aptly describes the distribution of dominant and recessive characteristics?

It is said that in his strongly worded reaction to quantum Physics, Einstein remarks, 'God does not play dice' to which Bohr, another great physicist, reacted saying 'Do not tell God what to do'. Bohr earlier had argued that we can never know what the properties of an isolated quantum system, though we can know the properties of macrocosmic objects.

Which one of the following is the focus of their debate?

An efficient and diesel-independent public transport system is essential to the economic development of nation. Suppose that the government adopts a policy to that effect then there is another favourable result. The pollution of environment is reduced to a greater extent. But, then it has two-pronged backlash. The sale and consequently the production of two and four wheelers reduce to the minimum which in turn render a large number of people jobless. Cash flow to the treasury, also is adversely affected. Such a step, therefore, is self-defeating unless the government evolves a counter-strategy to nullify the adverse effects.

Which one of the following accurately projects the opinion of an imaginary speaker or author as the case may be of this passage?

A moot question to be considered is whether democratic form of government is a boon or bane, no matter what Lincoln might or might not have said. Rather his most (in?) famous adage, 'by the people, for the people and of the people' misses the most pertinent question; which. attitude works behind when a person declares that he is a (or the right?) candidate to serve the people, and does not hesitate to contest and fight tooth and nail the election, an euphemism for battle with or without bullets. Admittedly, the covert attitude is different from overt attitude. Hardly anyone contests the election unwillingly. A contestant is not persuaded by anyone, but driven by his own passions and dubious motives. Contrast this picture with Socrates' version; no honest man willingly takes up the job of ruler. If at all he accepts, he does so for fear of being ruled by one made up of inferior mettle. It is beyond even the wildest imagination, to expect an honest person to contest the election. Assuming that every statement is true, identify from among the given alternatives the one which strictly follows from the passage.

A moot question to be considered is whether democratic form of government is a boon or bane, no matter what Lincoln might or might not have said. Rather his most (in?) famous adage, 'by the people, for the people and of the people' misses the most pertinent question; which. attitude works behind when a person declares that he is a (or the right?) candidate to serve the people, and does not hesitate to contest and fight tooth and nail the election, an euphemism for battle with or without bullets. Admittedly, the covert attitude is different from overt attitude. Hardly anyone contests the election unwillingly. A contestant is not persuaded by anyone, but driven by his own passions and dubious motives. Contrast this picture with Socrates' version; no honest man willingly takes up the job of ruler. If at all he accepts, he does so for fear of being ruled by one made up of inferior mettle. It is beyond even the wildest imagination, to expect an honest person to contest the election.

According to the above passage, which one of the following correctly differentiates Lincoln's and Socrates' analyses?

Many environmentalists either adopt double standard or do not know what they are talking about. A protagonist of environment, for obvious reasons, ought not to bat for any type of progress because progress without meddling with nature is a myth. But none can live without scientific and technological advance which has singularly made progress possible.. Furthermore, environment includes not just forest wealth and hills, but, animal wealth also. An honest environmentalist is obliged to address the following questions. First, should man in the interest of hygiene, kill any living being be it an insect purported to be harmful or stray dogs? After all, this world does not belong to man alone.

Which one of the following runs counter to the spirit of the passage?

Read the following information and answer the question that follows.

Does our society need reservation in job? Before we defend reservation, we must consider some issues. Why do we need reservation? Obviously, reservation is required to lift the downtrodden and thereby achieve equality. How do you achieve this? Every individual, without exception, has a right to receive quality education. It is more so in the case of downtrodden people. Only a good-natured meritorious teacher can impart quality education. Suppose that a person who is neither good-natured nor meritorious becomes a teacher thanks to reservation system. Then generations of students suffer. Suppose that there is some merit in this argument.

Then which of the following aptly describes the fall-out of this argument?

Read the following information and answer the question that follows.

Does our society need reservation in job? Before we defend reservation, we must consider some issues. Why do we need reservation? Obviously, reservation is required to lift the downtrodden and thereby achieve equality. How do you achieve this? Every individual, without exception, has a right to receive quality education. It is more so in the case of downtrodden people. Only a good-natured meritorious teacher can impart quality education. Suppose that a person who is neither good-natured nor meritorious becomes a teacher thanks to reservation system. Then generations of students suffer. Suppose that there is some merit in this argument.

According to the above situation, which one of the following helps you to circumvent the situation?

In France, children in pre-school programs spend a portion of each day engaged in a program of stretching and exercise. Pre-school programs in the United States, however, seldom devote time to a daily stretching and exercise program. In tests designed to measure cardiovascular fitness, children in the United States were out-performed by their French counterparts. It can therefore be determined that children attending pre-school programs in the United States can achieve cardiovascular fitness only by engaging in a daily school program of stretching and exercise. 

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

The level of blood sugar for many patients suffering from disease Q is slightly higher than the level of blood sugar in the general population. Nonetheless, most medical professionals believe that slightly increasing blood sugar levels is a successful means by which to treat disease Q. This apparently contradictory argument can best be resolved by which one of the following statements?

Medical studies indicate that the metabolic rates of professional athletes substantially greater than those of the average person. So, most likely, a person’s speed and strength are primarily determined by that person’s metabolic rate.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Since Oscar received extensive training in how to repair motorcycles, he is able to repair many of their most common mechanical problems. However, Oscar does not understand how internal combustion engines work. When Oscar was given Lucy’s motorcycle to repair, he was able to fix the problem, despite the fact that he did not understand what was causing it.

From the above paragraph, which of the following can be properly inferred?

It cannot be true that the lack of success of third-party candidates in national elections is due to the difficulties such candidates encounter in securing space on national ballots. Everyone who identifies him or herself as a supporter of a third party has voted for a major-party candidate in at least one national election when a third-party candidate was listed on the ballot.

Which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in the argument?

The interrogative statement is followed by two arguments. You are to pick up one of the following responses as the answer.

Should divorce laws be made more favourable to women in India?

(1) Yes, because women are persecuted by their women in India?

(2) No, because it will disrupt family life

The interrogative statement is followed by two arguments. You are to pick up one of the following responses as the answer.

Is leisure irrelevant to modern life?

(1) Yes, because life has become too much mechanical today

(2) No, because without leisure efficiency will fall, body and brain must be given rest

The question in this section is based on the reasoning contained in brief statement or passages. For the question, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answer the question. You should not make assumptions that are by common sense standards implausible, superfluous or incompatible with the passage.

Consumer advocate: Businesses are typically motivated primarily by the desire to make as great a profit as possible, and advertising helps businesses to achieve this goal. But it is clear that the motive of maximizing profits does not impel businesses to present accurate information in their advertisements. It follows that consumers should be skeptical of the claims made in advertisements. Each of the following, if true. would strengthen the consumer advocates is argument EXCEPT:

The question in this section is based on the reasoning contained in brief statement or passages. For the question, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answer the question. You should not make assumptions that are by common sense standards implausible, superfluous or incompatible with the passage.

Science columnist: It is clear why humans have so many diseases in common with cats. Many human diseases are genetically based, and cats are genetically closer to humans than are any other mammals except nonhuman primates. Each of the genes identified so far in cats has an exact counterpart in humans. Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the science columnist's explanation for the claim that humans have so many diseases in common with cats?

The question in this section is based on the reasoning contained in brief statement or passages. For the question, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answer the question. You should not make assumptions that are by common sense standards implausible, superfluous or incompatible with the passage.

Psychologist: It is well known that becoming angry often induces temporary incidents of high blood pressure. A recent study further showed, however, that people who are easily angered are significantly more likely to have a permanently high blood pressure than are people who have more tranquil personalities. Coupled with the long established fact that those with permanently high blood pressure are especially likely to have heart disease, the recent findings indicate that heart disease can result from psychological factors. Which one of the following would, if true, most weaken the psychologist's argument?