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Depending on the mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore, mining is of two types: Surface and underground mining. Surface mining is also known as open cast mining is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining minerals that occur close to the surface, overhead costs such as safety precautions and equipment are relatively low in this method. The output is both large and rapid. When the ore lies deep below the surface, an underground mining method (shaft method) has to be used. In this method, vertical shafts have to be sunk, from where underground galleries radiate to reach the minerals. Minerals are extracted and transported to the surface through these passages. It requires specially designed lifts, drills, haulage, vehicles, ventilation system for safe and efficient movement of people and materials. This method is risky. Poisonous gages, fires, floods, and cave-in bad to fatal accidents. The developed economies are retreating from mining, processing, and refining stages of production due to high labour costs, while the developing countries with large labour forces and striving for a higher standard of living are becoming more important. Several countries of Africa and a few of South America and Asia have over fifty percent of the earnings from minerals alone.
Which method of mining is less risky?
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Study the given graph carefully and answer the following question:
Intra-state Migration by place of Last Residence Indicating Migration Streams India, 2011
Inter-state Migration by Place of Last Residence Indicating Migration Streams India, 2011
What is the main cause of female migration from rural to urban?
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Study the given graph carefully and answer the following question:
Intra-state Migration by place of Last Residence Indicating Migration Streams India, 2011
Inter-state Migration by Place of Last Residence Indicating Migration Streams India, 2011
Which stream of migration shows the lowest trend in intra-state migration?
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Study the given graph carefully and answer the following question:
Intra-state Migration by place of Last Residence Indicating Migration Streams India, 2011
Inter-state Migration by Place of Last Residence Indicating Migration Streams India, 2011
Who dominates rural to rural migration in intra-state migration?
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Table: India-Class-wise number of towns and cities and their population, 2011
| Class | Population Size | Number of Cities | Total Urban Population (in thousands) | % of Total Urban Population |
| I | 1,00,000 & more | 568 | 2,27,899 | 60-45 |
| II | 50,000-99,999 | 474 | 41,328 | 10-96 |
| III | 20,000-49,999 | 1,373 | 58,174 | 15-43 |
| IV | 10,000-19,999 | 1,683 | 31,866 | 8-45 |
| V | 5,000-9,999 | 1,749 | 15,883 | 4-21 |
| VI | less than 5,000 | 424 | 1,956 | 0-52 |
Source: Census of India-2011 and India 2017, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
Which class town has the minimum urban population?
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"The ways to measure human development are constantly being redefined". Evaluate this statement keeping in mind the attainments and shortfall in human development.
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On the basis of the main source of moisture for crops, analyse the types of farming in the Indian scenario.
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"The quaternary sector along with the tertiary sector has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment." Support the statement.
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Read the following statements regarding open-cast mining and choose the correct option:
- This is the cheapest way of mining.
- The output is in large quantity.
- It requires specially designed lifts, drills.
- It requires special ventilation system.
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Under which one of the following sectors, collection of information comes?
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Choose the correct pair of the following types of towns:
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Which one of the following is garrison cantonment town?
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A Case Study Jhabua district is located in the westernmost agro-climatic zone in Madhya Pradesh. It is, in fact, one of the five most backward districts of the country. It is characterised by a high concentration of tribal population (mostly Bhils). The people suffer due to poverty which has been accentuated by the high rate of resource degradation, both forest and land. The watershed management programmes funded by both the ministries of “Rural Development” and “Agriculture”, Government of India, have been successfully implemented in Jhabua district which has gone a long way in preventing land degradation and improving soil quality. Watershed Management Programmes acknowledge the linkage between land, water and vegetation and attempt to improve the livelihoods of people through natural resource management and community participation. In the past five years, the programmes funded by the Ministry of Rural Development alone (implemented by Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Watershed Management) have treated 20 percent of the total area under the Jhabua district. |
Which among the following is correct meaning of 'land degradation'?
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On the given political outline Map of India, locate and label any five of the following geographical features with appropriate symbols:
- State with the highest level of urbanisation.
- State with the lowest level of density of population
- The leading coffee producing state
- Khetri - copper mines
- Jamnagar - Oil refinery
- The Northern terminal station of North-South Corridor.
- Tuticorin - major sea-port
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"India is a land of linguistic diversity." Support the statement.
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In a developed economy, the majority of workers get employment in which of the following sectors of economy?
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Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary activities?
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Which of the following is an example of an 'educational town'?
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Choose the correct pair from the following:
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A Case Study Jhabua district is located in the westernmost agro-climatic zone in Madhya Pradesh. It is, in fact, one of the five most backward districts of the country. It is characterised by high concentration of tribal population (mostly Bhils). The people suffer due to poverty which has been accentuated by the high rate of resource degradation, both forest and land. The watershed management programmes funded by both the ministries of “Rural Development” and “Agriculture”, Government of India, have been successfully implemented in Jhabua district which has gone a long way in preventing land degradation and improving soil quality. Watershed Management Programmes acknowledge the linkage between land, water and vegetation and attempts to improve livelihoods of people through natural resource management and community participation. In the past five years, the programmes funded by the Ministry of Rural Development alone (implemented by Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Watershed Management) has treated 20 percent of the total area under Jhabua district. The Petlawad Development block of Jhabua is located in the northermost part of the district and represents an interesting and successful case of Government-NGO partnership and community participation in managing watershed programmes. The Bhils in Petlawad Development block, for example, (Sat Rundi hamlet of Karravat village) through their own efforts, have revitalized large parts of common property resources. Each household planted and maintained one tree on the common property. They also have planted fodder grass on the pasture land and adopted social-fencing of these land for at least two years. Even after that, they say, there would be no open grazing on these lands, but stall feeding of cattle, and they are thus confident that the pastures they have developed would sustain their cattle in future. An interesting aspect this experience is that before the community embarked upon the process of management of the pasture, there was encroachment on this land by a villager from an adjoining village. The villagers called the tehsildar to ascertain the rights of the common land. The ensuing conflict was tackled by the villagers by offering to make the defaulter encroaching on the CPR a member of their user group and sharing the benefits of greening the common lands/pastures. |
Why did the people of Jhabua tribal community suffer from poverty? Choose the option which is NOT correct.
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