Topics
Basic Biology
Cell - the Structure and Fundamental Unit of Life [For Revision Only]
- Cell: the Fundamental Unit of Life
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
- Structure of a Cell
- Plasma Membrane Or Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Cell Wall
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (Er)
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- Plastids
- Vacuoles
- Ribosomes
- Centrosome and Centrioles
- Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
- Protoplasm
Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Structure of Chromosomes
- Chromosomes
- Chromatin
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Its Structure
- Histone Proteins
- Structure of Chromosomes
- Genes
- Need for New Cells
- Cell Cycle - "Divide, Grow and Redivide"
- Interphase of Cell Cycle
- Cell Division: an Essential Life Process
- Mitosis and Its Types
- Phases of Mitosis: Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus)
- Phases of Mitosis: Cytokinesis (Division of Cytoplasm)
- Significance of Mitosis
- Meiosis as a Reduction Division
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis I
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis II
- Significance of Meiosis
Genetics – Some Basic Fundamentals
Plant Physiology
Absorption by Roots : the Processes Involved
- Plant Physiology
- Water Absorption by the Root
- Need of Water and Minerals for Plant
- Concept of Imbibition
- Concept of Diffusion
- Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
- Active, Passive, and Bulk Cell Transport
- Turgidity and Flaccidity
- Root Pressure
- Absorption of Water and Minerals
- Ascent of Sap in Plant
- Semipermeable Membrane
Transpiration
- Transpiration in Plant
- Measurement of Transpiration
- Mechanism of Stomatal Transpiration
- Cuticular Transpiration
- Lenticular Transpiration
- Factors that Affect Transpiration
- Adaptations in Plants to Reduce Excessive Transpiration
- Significance of Transpiration
- Direct Loss of Water by Plants - Guttation and Bleeding
Photosynthesis: Provider of Food for All
- Photosynthesis
- Experiments - Show the Necessity of Light, Carbon Dioxide and Chlorophyll
- Emphasis on Destarching and the Steps Involved in Starch Test.
- The Carbon Cycle
- The Internal Structure of Chloroplast
- Opening and Closing of Stomata Based on Potassium Ion Exchange Theory.
- Overall Balanced Chemical Equation to Represent Photosynthesis.
- Introduction of the Terms "Photochemical" for Light Phase
- "Biosynthetic" for Dark Phases.
- Light Reaction
- Dark Reaction
- Experiments with Regard to the Factors Essential for Photosynthesis
Chemical Coordination in Plants
Human Anatomy and Physiology
The Circulatory System
- Human Circulatory System
- Need for Transport Inside the Body
- The Blood: Properties of Blood
- Functions of Blood
- Composition of Blood: Plasma
- Composition of Blood: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Composition of Blood: White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Composition of Blood: Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Function of Platelets - Clotting of Blood (Coagulation)
- Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups (ABO and Rh system)
- Blood Circulatory System
- Human Heart - Chambers of the Heart, Septum Or Grooves of Heart
- Blood Vessels Entering and Leaving the Heart - Arteries and Veins of the Heart
- Valves of Heart
- Circulation of Blood in the Heart: Cardiac Cycle
- Heart Beat - Heart Sounds "LUBB" and "DUP"
- Pacemaker
- Blood Vessels – Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
- Pulmonary and Systemic Blood Circulation (Double Circulation)
- Pulse - Blood Pressure
- Tissue Fluid
- Lymph and Lymphatic System
- The Spleen
The Excretory System (Elimination of Body Wastes)
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
The Reproductive System
- Human Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System
- Female Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System
- Secondary Sexual Characters
- Structure and Functions of the Various Parts of the Sperm
- Structure and Functions of the Various Parts of the Egg
- Placenta (Growth)
- Functions of Foetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid
- Menstrual Cycle
- Role of Sex Hormones
- Nutrition and Respiration of the Embryo
- Fertilisation
- Identical and Fraternal Twins
Human Evolution
Population
Population – The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
Pollution
- Concept of Pollution
- Pollution - Types of Pollution
- Sources of Pollution and Major Pollutan - Air
- Sources of Pollution and Major Pollutant - Water
- Sources of Pollution and Major Pollutant - Thermal Pollution
- Sources of Pollution and Major Pollutant - Soil
- Sources of Pollution and Major Pollutant - Biomedical Waste
- Sources of Pollution and Major Pollutant - Radiation
- Noise Pollution
- Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Wastes
- Effects of Pollution on Climate, Environment, Human Health and Other Organisms
- Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
- Meaning of Global Warming
- Effect of Global Warming
- Acid Rain - Composition, Cause and Its Impact
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Measures to Control Pollution
Physical Health and Hygiene
Health Organisations
Aids to Health
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