notes
Production of waste:-
1.Municipal Waste
commonly consists of items we use on an everyday basis then dump it. Cloths, paints, wires, glasses, unwanted food, etc come under municipal waste. These waste come from schools, factories, but primarily come from our homes.
2.Household waste:
Materials like unused food, clothes, unwanted paper, damaged batteries, etc come under household wastes. Agricultural wastes also come under household waste.
3.Commercial waste:
Wastes coming from any kinds of businesses, trading factories, schools, etc come under commercial waste.
4.Industrial Waste:
Waste produced by industries includes any material that isn’t useful for the industrial manufacturing process. Wastes such are chemicals, pigments, ashes, metals, etc come under industrial waste.
5.Biomedical Waste:
Any waste coming from medical facilities such as hospitals, medical colleges, research centers, etc come under biomedical waste.
Garbage Disposal:
Industrialization and rise in demand of consumer goods have created a major problem in the form of wastes/garbage accumulation and its disposal especially in urban areas.
The disposal of waste should be done in a scientific way. There are different methods of waste disposal. The method to be used depends on the nature of the waste. Some of the important modes of waste disposal are :
- Incineration: Burning of waste on high temperature to form ash is called incineration. This process is carried out in an incinerator. Incineration is used to destroy household, chemical and biological wastes.
- Open dumping: A conventional method in which solid waste are dumped in selected areas of a town. It actually cause pollution
- Land fillings: Wastes are dumped in low living areas and are compacted by rolling with bulldozers
- Composting: Organic wastes are filled into a compost pit (2m × 1m × 1m). It is then covered with a thin layer of soil. After about three months the same garbage filled inside the pit changes into organic manure.
- Recycling: The solid wastes is broken down into its constituent simpler materials. These materials are then used to make new items. Even non-bio degradable solid wastes like plastic, metal can be recycled.
- Reuse: A very simple conventional technique of using an item again and again. For example; paper can be reused for making envelops, etc
