The Internal Energy as a State Function - the General Case

Thermodynamics mainly deals with:

(i) interrelation of various forms of energy and their transformation from one form to another.

(ii) energy changes in the processes which depend only on initial and final states of the microscopic systems containing a few molecules.

(iii) how and at what rate these energy transformations are carried out.

(iv) the system in equilibrium state or moving from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.

Consider the following reaction between zinc and oxygen and choose the correct options out of the options given below:

\[\ce{2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) -> 2 ZnO (s); ∆H = - 693.8 kJ mol^{-1}}\]

(i) The enthalpy of two moles of \[\ce{ZnO}\] is less than the total enthalpy of two moles of \[\ce{Zn}\] and one mole of oxygen by 693.8 kJ.

(ii) The enthalpy of two moles of \[\ce{ZnO}\] is more than the total enthalpy of two moles of \[\ce{Zn}\] and one mole of oxygen by 693.8 kJ.

(iii) 693.8 kJ mol^–1 energy is evolved in the reaction.

(iv) 693.8 kJ mol^–1 energy is absorbed in the reaction.

Thermodynamics is not concerned about ______.