Topics
Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour
Carbon Compounds
- Concept of Carbon
- Bonding in Carbon - Covalent Bond
- Versatile Nature of Carbon
- Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
- Chains, Branches and Rings of Carbon Compound
- Homologous Series of Carbon Compound
- Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds - Combustion
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds - Addition Reaction
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds - Substitution Reaction
- Properties of Ethanol
- Properties of Ethanoic Acid
- Soaps and Detergents
Metals and Non Metals
- Metal and Its Physical Properties
- Non Metals and Its Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties of Metals: When Metals Are Burnt in Air
- Chemical Properties of Metals: When Metals React with Water
- Chemical Properties of Metals: When Metals React with Acids
- Chemical Properties of Metals: Metals React with Solutions of Other Metal Salts
- Chemical Properties of Metals: Reactivity Series
- Reaction of Metals with Non-metals
- Formation and Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Occurrence of Metals
- Extraction of Metals from Ore
- Enrichment of Ores
- Extracting Metals Low in the Activity Series
- Extracting Metals in the Middle of the Activity Series
- Extracting Metals Towards the Top of the Activity Series
- Refining of Metals
- Concept of Corrosion of Metals and Its Prevention
Periodic Classification of Elements
Acids, Bases and Salts
- Concept of Acid and Its Properties
- Concept of Base
- Acid and Base Indicator
- Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
- Reaction of Acids and Bases with Metals
- Reaction of Acids with Metal Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates
- Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
- Reaction of a Non-metallic Oxide with Base
- Acids and Bases React with Each Other
- Acid Or a Base in a Water Solution
- Strength of Acids and Bases
- Concept of Salts
- Ph of Salts
- Chemicals from Common Salt
- Preparation and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide
- Preparation and Uses of Bleaching Powder
- Preparation and Uses of Baking Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Washing Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Plaster of Paris
Chemical Reactions
- Concept of Physical Changes
- Concept of Chemical Changes
- Concept of Chemical Reactions
- Chemical Equation
- Balancing of a Chemical Equation
- Combination Reaction
- Decomposition Reactions
- Displacement Reaction
- Double Displacement Reaction
- Oxidation and Reduction
- Concept of Corrosion of Metals and Its Prevention
- Concept of Rancidity
- Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
World of Living
Heredity and Evolution
- Evolution and Classification - Introduction
- Accumulation of Variation During Reproduction
- Heredity - Inherited Traits
- Rules for the Inheritance of Traits - Mendel’S Contributions
- Sex Determination in Humans
- Concepts of Evolution
- Evolution - Acquired and Inherited Traits
- Speciation
- Heredity and Evolution
- Evolution and Classification - Tracing Evolutionary Relationships
- Evolution and Classification - Fossils
- Evolution by Stages
- Human Evolution
Reproduction
- Reproduction in Plant
- Reproductive Health - Need and Methods of Family Planning
- Modes of Reproduction Used by Single Organisms - Fission
- Modes of Reproduction Used by Multicellular Organisms - Fragmentation
- Modes of Reproduction Used by Multicellular Organisms - Regeneration
- Modes of Reproduction Used by Single Organisms - Budding
- Modes of Reproduction Used by Multicellular Organisms - Vegetative Propagation
- Modes of Reproduction Used by Multicellular Organisms - Spore Formation
- Sexual Reproduction in Animals
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Human Reproductive System
- Reproduction in Plant
Control and Co-ordination in Animals and Plants
- Control and Co-ordination Introduction
- Tropic Movements in Plants
- Coordination in Plants - Movement Due to Growth
- Coordination in Plants - Immediate Response to Stimulus
- Hormones in Animals
- Control and Co-ordination in Animals
- Importance of Variation
- Animals – Nervous System
- Human Brain - Voluntary Action
- Human Brain - Involuntary Action
- Human Brain - Reflex Action
- Control and Co-ordination Questions
Life Processes
Natural Phenomena
- Refraction of Light
- Spherical Mirrors
- Concave Mirror
- Convex Mirror
- Concave Mirror
- Convex Mirror
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Linear Magnification (M) Due to Spherical Mirrors
- Velocity of Light
- Refraction of Light
- Refraction Through a Rectangular Glass Slab
- Refractive Index
- Refraction by Spherical Lenses
- Convex Lens
- Concave Lens
- Convex Lens
- Concave Lens
- Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses
- Magnification of a Lens
- Power of a Lens
- Concept of Human Eye
- Defects of Vision and Their Correction
- Applications of Spherical Mirrors and Lenses
- Dispersion by a Prism
- Atmospheric Refraction
- Some Natural Phenomena Due to Sunlight
Effects of Current
Magnetic Effects of Current
- Magnetic Effect of a Current
- Magnetic Field Lines
- Magnetic Force
- The Bar Magnet
- Magnetic Field Due to a Current carrying Straight Conductor
- Right-Hand Thumb Rule
- Magnetic Field Due to a Current Through a Circular Loop
- Magnetic Field Due to a Current in a Solenoid
- Force Acting on Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
- Electric Motor
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Electric Generator - Ac
- Domestic Electric Circuits
- Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC)
- Introduction of Magnetism
Effects of Current
- Effects of Current Introduction
- Electric Current
- Electric Potential
- Electric Potential Difference
- Electric Circuit
- Ohm’s Law
- Factors on Which the Resistance of a Conductor Depends
- Resistance of a System of Resistors - Resistors in Series
- Resistance of a System of Resistors - Resistors in Parallel
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Electric Power
- Effects of Current Numericals
Natural Resources
Management of Natural Resources
- Conservation and Judicious Use of Natural Resources
- Need to Manage Our Resources
- Forests and Wild Life - Stakeholders
- Forests and Wild Life - Sustainable Management
- Coal and Petroleum
- Water for All - Dams
- Water for All - Water Harvesting
- Overview of Natural Resource Management
- Sustainability of Natural Resources
- Concept of Rainwater Harvesting (Importance)
Our Environment
Sources of Energy
- Sources of Energy Introduction
- Good Source of Energy
- Different Forms of Energy
- Conventional Sources of Energy
- Conventional Sources of Energy - Thermal Power Plant
- Conventional Sources of Energy - Hydro Power Plants
- Improvements in the Technology for Using Conventional Sources of Energy
- Alternative or Non-conventional Sources of Energy - Solar Energy
- Alternative or Non-conventional Sources of Energy - Energy from the Sea
- Alternative Or Non-conventional Sources of Energy - Geothermal Energy
- Alternative or Non-conventional Sources of Energy - Nuclear Energy
- Environmental Consequences
- Energy Source - How Long Will Last Us
- Renewable Versus Non-renewable Sources
notes
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS:-
Plants reproduce sexually by producing male gametes in the form of pollen and female gametes in the form of eggs. The reproductive parts of angiosperms are located in the flower.
A flower comprises sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Stamen and carpel are the reproductive parts of a flower Which contain germ cell.
-A unisexual flower contains either stamens or carpel. For e.g. papaya and watermelon are unisexual flowers.
-A bisexual flower contains stamens as well as carpels for example, hibiscus and mustard flowers are biusexual.
Stamen is the male reproductive part and it produces pollen grains. Carpel is present in the centre of the flower and is the female reproductive part. It consists of the ovary, style and stigma. The ovary is the swollen part at the bottom of the carpel. Ovary contains the female gametes in the form of eggs or ovules. The male germ cell produced by the pollen grains fuses with the female gamete present in the ovule. The fusion of germ cells or fertilization s the zygote which is capable of growing into a new plant.
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the carpel is known as pollination. Two types of pollination are self pollination and cross pollination. Self pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower. Cross pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower. This transfer of pollen grains from one flower to another is achieved by agents like wind, water and animals.
After the pollen lands on the suitable stigma it has to reach the female germ cells which are in the ovary. For this a tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the ovule. Inside the ovule the male germ cell fuses with the female germ cell and forms a zygote. This is known as fertilization.
After fertilization, the zygote divides repeatedly to form an embryo which resides inside the seed. The ovule develops into a seed. The ovary ripens to form a fruit. Meanwhile the petals, sepals, style, stigma may fall off . Seed inside the fruit encloses the embryo, the future plant. The seed containing the embryo develops into a seedling under appropriate conditions . This process is known as germination. The factors essential for germination are nutrients, water and poor temperature.
Seed has an embryo protected by reserve food materials in the form of cotyledons and also an outer covering called us seed coat.
After the pollen lands on the suitable stigma it has to reach the female germ cells which are in the ovary. For this a tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the ovule. Inside the ovule the male germ cell fuses with the female germ cell and forms a zygote. This is known as fertilization.
After fertilization, the zygote divides repeatedly to form an embryo which resides inside the seed. The ovule develops into a seed. The ovary ripens to form a fruit. Meanwhile the petals, sepals, style, stigma may fall off . Seed inside the fruit encloses the embryo, the future plant. The seed containing the embryo develops into a seedling under appropriate conditions . This process is known as germination. The factors essential for germination are nutrients, water and poor temperature.
Seed has an embryo protected by reserve food materials in the form of cotyledons and also an outer covering called us seed coat.
Video Tutorials
Shaalaa.com | Reproduction part 12 (Sexual reproduction in plants: Sexual vs. asexual)
Series: series 1
00:07:50 undefined
00:11:34 undefined
00:09:26 undefined
00:10:30 undefined
00:11:04 undefined
00:15:19 undefined