Topics
Class 11
Reproduction in Organisms
- Life Span of Organisms
- Maximum Life Span of Organisms
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Types of Reproduction
- Asexual Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction
- Asexual Reproduction in Plant
- Asexual Reproduction in Animal
- Vegetative Propagation
- Natural Vegetative Propagation
- Artificial Vegetative Propagation
- Different Phases in Sexual Reproduction
- Events in Sexual Reproduction in Organisms
- Pre-fertilisation Events in Organisms
- Fertilisation in Organisms
- Post-fertilisation Events in Organisms
- Parthenogenesis
- Types of Parthenogenesis
The Living World
Class 12
Biological Classification
- Introduction of Biological Classification
- History of Classification
- Five Kingdom Classification
- Kingdom Monera
- Division of Kingdom Monera
- Examples of Kingdom Monera
- Bacteria
- Classification of Bacteria
- Structure of Bacteria
- Life Processes in Bacteria
- Reproduction in Bacteria
- Economic Importance of Bacteria
- Kingdom Protista
- Classification of Kingdom Protista
- Protozoa
- Kingdom Fungi
- Division of Kingdom Fungi
- Fungi
- Classification of Fungi
- Reproduction in Fungi
- Economic Importance of Fungi
- Examples of Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia
- Viruses, Viroids, Prions and Lichens
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Flower - a Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms
- Function of Flower
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Androecium: Male Reproductive Organ
- Gynoecium: Female Reproductive Organ
- Pollination
- Kinds of Pollination
- Kinds of Pollination: Self Pollination (Autogamy)
- Kinds of Pollination: Self Pollination (Geitonogamy)
- Kinds of Pollination: Cross Pollination (Xenogamy)
- Outbreeding Devices
- Pollen Pistil Interaction
- Artificial Hybridization
- Fertilisation
- Post Fertilisation in Plant: Structures and Events
- Apomixis
- Polyembryony
Plant Kingdom
Human Reproduction
Animal Kingdom
- Kingdom Animalia
- New Criteria for Basis of Classification
- Classification of Kingdom Animalia
- Non Chordates (Invertebrata)
- Phylum: Porifera
- Phylum: Cnidaria/Coelenterata
- Phylum: Ctenophora
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes
- Phylum: Aschelminthes
- Phylum: Annelida
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Phylum: Mollusca
- Phylum: Echinodermata
- Phylum: Hemichordata
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Cyclostomata
- Class: Chondrichthyes
- Class: Osteichthyes
- Class: Amphibia
- Class: Reptilia
- Class: Aves
- Class: Mammalia
Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Plant Morphology
- Root System
- The Leaf
- Shoot System
- The Inflorescence
- The Flower
- Parts of Flower
- The Fruit
- The Seed
- Classification and Structure of Seeds
- Structure of a Dicotyledonous Seed
- Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed
- Semi-technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant
- Plant Forms and Functions
- Description of Some Important Families
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy and Functions of Different Parts of Flowering Plants
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Plant and Animals Tissue
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Simple Permanent Tissues (Supporting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissues
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Xylem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Phloem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Tissue System
- Epidermal Tissue System
- Ground Tissue System
- Vascular Tissue System
- Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
- Dicotyledonous Root
- Monocotyledonous Root
- Dicotyledonous Stem
- Monocotyledonous Stem
- Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf
- Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf
- Secondary Growth
- Vascular Cambium
- Cork Cambium
- Secondary Growth in Roots
Structural Organisation in Animals
- Introduction of Structural Organisation in Animals
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
- Neural Tissues
- Earthworm - Lampito Mauritii
- Morphology of Earthworm
- Anatomy of Earthworm
- Cockroach - Periplaneta Americana
- Morphology of Cockroach
- Anatomy of Cockroach
- Frog - Rana Hexadactyla
- Morphology of Frog
- Anatomy of Frog
Cell: the Unit of Life
- Cell: the Fundamental Unit of Life
- The Invention of the Microscope and the Discovery of Cell
- Cell Theory
- Overview of Cell
- Organisms Show Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size
- Prokaryotic Cells
- Cell Envelope and Its Modifications
- Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies
- Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Cell Membrane
- Cell Wall
- Endomembrane System
- Mitochondria
- Plastids
- Ribosomes
- Cilia and Flagella
- Centrosome and Centrioles
- Cytoskeleton
- Nucleus
- Microbodies
- Plant Cell and Animal Cell
- Structure and Functions of Cell Envelope, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Cell Organelles
Biomolecules
- How to Analyse Chemical Composition?
- Primary and Secondary Metabolites
- Biomacromolecules
- Proteins
- Polysaccharides
- Nucleic Acids
- Structure of Proteins
- Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer
- Dynamic State of Body Constituents – Concept of Metabolism
- Metabolic Basis for Living
- The Living State
- Enzymes - Chemical Reactions
- Enzymes - High Rates of Chemical Conversions
- Nature of Enzyme Action
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
- Enzymes - Co-factors
- Carbohydrates
- Structure and Function of Lipids
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Transport in Plants
- Introduction of Transport in Plants
- Means of Transport in Plants
- Simple Diffusion
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Active Transport
- Concept of Osmosis
- Turgidity and Flaccidity (Plasmolysis)
- Concept of Imbibition
- Comparison of Different Transport Processes
- Plant-water Relations
- Water Potential (ψ)
- Long Distance Transport of Water
- Plants Absorb Water
- Water Movement up a Plant
- Transpiration
- Transpiration - Transpiration and Photosynthesis – a Compromise
- Uptake and Transport of Mineral Nutrients
- Uptake of Mineral Ions
- Translocation of Mineral Ions
- Phloem Transport - Flow from Source to Sink
- Phloem Transport - Pressure Flow Or Mass Flow Hypothesis
- Diffusion of Gases
- Opening and Closing of Stomata
Mineral Nutrition
- Introduction of Mineral Nutrition
- Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants
- Essential Mineral Elements
- Criteria for Essentiality
- Macro and Micro Nutrients and Their Role
- Deficiency Symptoms of Essential Elements
- Toxicity of Micronutrients
- Mechanism of Absorption of Elements
- Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements
- Biological Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen Cycle and Nitrogen Metabolism
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Respiration in Plants
Plant Growth and Development
Digestion and Absorption
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Body Fluids and Circulation
Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Locomotion and Movement
Neural Control and Coordination
Chemical Coordination and Integration
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