Topics
Knowing Our Numbers
Comparing Number
- Comparing Multiple Digit of Numbers
- Compare Numbers in Ascending and Descending Order
- Compare Number by Forming Numbers from a Given Digits
- Compare Numbers by Shifting Digits
- Introducing a 5 Digit Number - 10,000
- Revisiting Place Value of Numbers
- Expansion Form of Numbers
- Introducing the Six Digit Number - 1,00,000
- Larger Number of Digits 7 and Above
- An Aid in Reading and Writing Large Numbers
- Using Commas in Indian and International Number System
Large Numbers in Practice
Whole Numbers
- Concept for Natural Numbers
- Concept for Whole Numbers
- Successor and Predecessor of Whole Number
- Operation on of Whole Number on Number Line
- Properties of Whole Numbers
- Closure Property of Whole Number
- Associativity Property of Whole Numbers
- Division by Zero
- Commutativity Property of Whole Number
- Distributivity Property of Whole Numbers
- Identity of Addition and Multiplication
- Patterns in Whole Numbers
Playing with Numbers
- Introduction of Playing with Numbers
- Factors and Multiples
- Concept of Perfect Number
- Concept of Prime Numbers
- Concept of Co-prime Number
- Concept of Twin Prime Numbers
- Concept of Even and Odd Number
- Concept of Composite Number
- Concept of Sieve of Eratosthenes
- Tests for Divisibility of Numbers
- Divisibility by 10
- Divisibility by 5
- Divisibility by 2
- Divisibility by 3
- Divisibility by 6
- Divisibility by 4
- Divisibility by 8
- Divisibility by 9
- Divisibility by 11
- Common Factor
- Common Multiples
- Some More Divisibility Rules
- Prime Factorisation
- Highest Common Factor
- Lowest Common Multiple
Basic Geometrical Ideas
- Concept for Basic Geometrical Ideas (2 -d)
- Concept of Points
- Concept of Line
- Concept of Line Segment
- Concept of Ray
- Concept of Intersecting Lines
- Concept of Parallel Lines
- Concept of Curves
- Different Types of Curves - Closed Curve, Open Curve, Simple Curve.
- Concept of Polygons - Side, Vertex, Adjacent Sides, Adjacent Vertices and Diagonal
- Concept of Angle - Arms, Vertex, Interior and Exterior Region
- Concept of Triangles - Sides, Angles, Vertices, Interior and Exterior of Triangle
- Concept of Quadrilaterals - Sides, Adjacent Sides, Opposite Sides, Angle, Adjacent Angles and Opposite Angles
- Concept of Circle - Centre, Radius, Diameter, Arc, Sector, Chord, Segment, Semicircle, Circumference, Interior and Exterior, Concentric Circles
Understanding Elementary Shapes
- Introduction to Understanding Elementary Shapes
- Measuring Line Segments
- Concept of Angle - Arms, Vertex, Interior and Exterior Region
- Right, Straight, and Complete Angle by Direction and Clock
- Acute, Right, Obtuse, and Reflex angles
- Measuring Angles
- Perpendicular Line and Perpendicular Bisector
- Classification of Triangles (On the Basis of Sides, and of Angles)
- Equilateral Triangle
- Isosceles Triangles
- Scalene Triangle
- Acute Angled Triangle
- Obtuse Angled Triangle
- Right Angled Triangle
- Types of Quadrilaterals
- Properties of a Square
- Properties of Rectangle
- Properties of a Parallelogram
- Properties of Rhombus
- Properties of Trapezium
- Three Dimensional Shapes
- Concept of Prism
- Concept of Pyramid
Integers
Fractions
Decimals
- Concept of Decimal Numbers
- Place Value in the Context of Decimal Fraction.
- Concept of Tenths, Hundredths and Thousandths in Decimal
- Representing Decimals on the Number Line
- Interconversion of Fraction and Decimal
- Comparing Decimal Numbers
- Using Decimal Number as Units
- Addition of Decimal Numbers
- Subtraction of Decimals Fraction
Data Handling
Mensuration
Algebra
Ratio and Proportion
Symmetry
Practical Geometry
- Introduction to Practical Geometry
- Construction of a Circle When Its Radius is Known
- Construction of a Line Segment of a Given Length
- Constructing a Copy of a Given Line Segment
- Drawing a Perpendicular to a Line at a Point on the Line
- Drawing a Perpendicular to a Line Through a Point Not on It
- Drawing the Perpendicular Bisector of a Line Segment
- Constructing an Angle of a Given Measure
- Constructing a Copy of an Angle of Unknown Measure
- Constructing a Bisector of an Angle
- Angles of Special Measures - 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 120°
notes
Roman Numbers:
- We use the Hindu-Arabic system of numerals. Another system of writing numerals is the Roman system.
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The Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X denote 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 respectively.
I | V | X | L | C | D | M |
1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
The rules for the system are:
- If a symbol is repeated, its value is added as many times as it occurs:
i.e., XX is 20 and XXX is 30. -
A symbol is not repeated more than three times. But the symbols V, L and D are never repeated.
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If a symbol of smaller value is written to the right of a symbol of greater value, its value gets added to the value of the greater symbol.
LXV = 50 + 10 + 5 = 65. -
If a symbol of a smaller value is written to the left of a symbol of greater value, its value is subtracted from the value of the greater symbol.
XL= 50 – 10 = 40, XC = 100 – 10 = 90. -
The symbols V, L, and D are never written to the left of a symbol of greater value, i.e. V, L, and D are never subtracted. The symbol I can be subtracted from V and X only. The symbol X can be subtracted from L, M, and C only.
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Following these rules we get,
1 I 2 II 3 III 4 IV 5 V 6 VI 7 VII 8 VIII 9 IX 10 X 20 XX 30 XXX 40 XL 50 L 60 LX 70 LXX 80 LXXX 90 XC 100 C