Topics
Measurement
- Measurements
- Physical Quantities
- Unit and Its Types
- Unit Systems
- International System of Units (SI System)
- Measurement of Length
- Measuring Smaller Distances
- Measuring Larger Distances
- Measurement of Mass
- Measurement of Time
- Temperatures
- Scales of Thermometers
- Unit Prefixes
- Rules and Conventions for Writing SI Units and Their Symbols
- Vernier Callipers
- Screw Gauge
- Devices for Measuring Mass
- Mass and Weight
- Accuracy in Measurements
Motion
- Motion and Rest
- Types of Motion
- Types of Motion
- Types of Motion
- Multiple Motion
- Distance and Displacement
- Speed
- Velocity
- Acceleration and Retardation
- Displacement – Time Graph Or Distance – Time Graph
- Velocity - Time Graphs
- Equations of Motion by Graphical Method
- Motion of Freely Falling Body
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force
- Centrifugal Forces
Fluids
- Thrust and Pressure
- Liquid Pressure
- Factors Affecting Liquid Pressure
- Pressure Exerted by a Liquid Column
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure
- Mercury Barometer (Simple Barometer)
- Gauge Pressure and Absolute Pressure
- Pascal’s Law
- Hydraulic Machines: Hydraulic Press (Or Bramah Press)
- Density and It’s Unit
- Relative Density and Its Unit
- Principle of Floatation (Laws of Flotation)
- Application of Principle of Flotation
- Buoyancy Force (Upthrust Force)
- Archimedes' Principle
- Law of Floatation
Electric Charge and Electric Current
- Electric Charge
- Electric Force
- Electric Field
- Electric Potential (Electrostatic Potential) and Potential Difference
- Electric Current
- Direction of the Electric Current - Conventional and Electronic Flow
- Electro-motive Force (E.M.F.) of a Cell
- Resistance (R)
- Electric Circuit
- Types of Circuits: Series Circuit
- Types of Circuits: Parallel Circuit
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Effects of Electric Current
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Chemical Effects of Electric Current
- Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
- Types of current: Alternating Current (A.C.) and Direct Current (D.C.)
- Dangers of Electricity
- Precautions to Be Taken While Using Electricity
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
- Magnet and Its Characteristics
- Classification of Magnets
- Magnetic Field
- Magnetic Field Lines
- Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
- Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Force on Parallel Current Carrying Conductors
- Electric Motor
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Alternating Current (A.C.) Generator
- Direct Current Motor
- Distinction Between an A.C. Generator and D.C. Motor
- Electric Generator
- Transformer
- Types of Transformer
- Applications of Electromagnets
Light
- Light
- Reflection of Light
- Law of Reflection of Light
- Lateral Inversion
- Formation of Image by Reflection: Real and Virtual Image
- Spherical Mirrors
- Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors
- Rules for the Construction of Image Formed by a Spherical Mirror
- Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Mirror Equation/Formula
- Linear Magnification (M) Due to Spherical Mirrors
- Convex Mirror
- Image Formation by Convex Mirror
- Speed of Light
- Refraction of Light
- Refraction of Light from a Plane Transparent Surface
- Law of Refraction of Light
- Total Internal Reflection
Heat
- Heat and Its Unit
- Effects of Heat
- Transfer of Heat
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
- Temperatures
- Scales of Thermometers
- Absolute Zero
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Heat Capacity Or Thermal Capacity
- Change of State of Matter
- Concept of Melting (Fusion)
- Concept of Boiling (Vaporization)
- Concept of Sublimation
- Concept of Freezing (Solidification)
- Concept of Condensation (Liquefaction)
- Concept of Desublimation (Deposition)
- Concept of Evaporation
- Latent Heat and Specific Latent Heat
Sound
- Sound
- Production of Sound
- Propagation of Sound
- Sound Need a Medium to Travel
- Characteristics of a Sound Wave
- Properties of Sounds
- Properties of Sounds
- Loudness and Intensity
- Pitch (or shrillness) and frequency
- Quality (Or Timbre) and Wave Form
- Speed of Sound (Velocity of Sound)
- Speed of Sound in Different Media
- Law of Reflection of Light
- Reflection of Sound
- Application of Reflection of Sound
- Echoes
- Reverberation
- Ultrasonic Sound Or Ultrasound
- SONAR
- Human Ear
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Universe
Matter Around Us
- Matter (Substance)
- Types of Matter
- Pure Substances
- Elements
- Compound
- Impure Substance
- Mixture
- Differences Between Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- Types of Mixtures
- Separation of Mixtures
- Methods of Separation
- Sublimation Method
- Centrifugation Method
- Solvent Extraction (Using a Separating Funnel Method)
- Simple Distillation Method
- Fractional Distillation Method
- Chromatography Method
- Solutions
- Components of Solutions
- Different Types of Solutions
- Colloidal Solution
Atomic Structure
- Introduction of Atoms
- Lord Rutherford’s Atomic model
- Limitations of Rutherford’s Atomic Model
- Neils Bohr’s Model of an Atom
- Discovery of Charged Particles in Matter
- Neutrons (n)
- Structure of an Atom
- Atomic Number (Z), Mass Number (A), and Number of Neutrons (n)
- Atomic Mass
- Electronic Configuration of Atom
- Valency Electrons
- Valency
- Isotopes
- Isobars
- Isotones or Isoneutronic
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Law of Multiple Proportions
- Law of Reciprocal Proportions
- Gay Lussac’s Law of Gaseous Volumes
- Quantum Numbers
Periodic Classification of Elements
- History of Periodic Table: Early Attempts at the Classification of Elements
- Dobereiner’s Triads
- Newland's Law of Octaves
- Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
- Merits and Demerits of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
- Modern Periodic Law
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Advantage and Disadvantage of Modern Periodic Table
- Types of Element on the Basis of Periodic Table
- Periodic Properties
- Periodic Properties: Metallic Character
- Periodic Properties: Non-metallic Character
- Periodic Properties: Metalloid Character
- Alloys
Chemical Bonding
Acids, Bases and Salts
- Acids
- Properties of Acids
- Classification of Acids
- Uses of Acids
- Aquaregia
- Bases (Alkalis)
- Properties of Bases (Alkalis)
- Classification of Bases (Alkalis)
- Uses of Bases
- Test for Acidity and Alkalinity
- Strength of Acidic or Basic Solutions
- Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Water of Crystallization
- Properties of Salts
- Identification of Salts
- Chemicals from Common Salt (Uses of Salt)
- Preparation and Uses of Washing Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Baking Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Bleaching Powder
- Preparation and Uses of Plaster of Paris
Carbon and Its Compounds
- Carbon: a Versatile Element
- Discovery of Carbon Milestones
- Classification of Compounds of Carbon
- Special Features of Carbon
- Allotropy and Allotropes of Carbon
- Crystalline Allotropes of Carbon: Diamond
- Crystalline Allotropes of Carbon: Graphite
- Crystalline Allotropes of Carbon: Fullerene
- Physical Properties of Carbon Compound
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compound
- Carbon Compounds in Everyday Life
- Man-made Fibre: Plastics
- Identifying Different Types of Plastics: Resin Codes
- Harmful Effects of Plastics
- New Rules to Make Tamil Nadu Plastic Free
- Role of Students in the Prevention of Plastic Pollution
Applied Chemistry
Animal Kingdom
- Biodiversity
- Classification
- Taxonomy and Systematics
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- New Criteria for Basis of Classification
- Nomenclature
- Invertebrata and Vertebrata
- Phylum: Porifera
- Phylum: Cnidaria/Coelenterata
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes
- Phylum: Aschelminthes
- Phylum: Annelida
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Phylum: Mollusca
- Phylum: Echinodermata
- Phylum: Hemichordata
- Subphylum: Prochordata
- Chordata: Vertebrata
Organisation of Tissues
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Plant and Animals Tissue
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Simple Permanent Tissues (Supporting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissues
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Xylem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Phloem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Differences Between Xylem and Phloem
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Cell Division: an Essential Life Process
- Mitosis and Its Phases
- Phases of Mitosis: Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus)
- Phases of Mitosis: Cytokinesis (Division of Cytoplasm)
- Significance of Mitosis
- Meiosis as a Reduction Division
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis I
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis II
- Significance of Meiosis
- Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis
Plant Physiology
Organ Systems in Animals
- Human Organ System
- Human Digestive System
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- The Salivary Glands
- Tongue
- Swallowing and Peristalsis
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Absorption of Food
- Assimilation of Food
- The Large Intestine
- Human Excretory System
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Accessory Excretory Organs
- Dialysis Or Artificial Kidney
- Human Reproductive System
- The Male Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
Nutrition and Health
- Food and Its Types
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Component of Food
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Deficiency Diseases
- Diseases Due Deficiency in Carbohydrates
- Diseases Due Deficiency in Proteins
- Diseases Due Deficiency in Fats
- Diseases Due Deficiency in Vitamin
- Diseases Due Deficiency in Minerals
- Spoilage of Food
- Preservation of Food
- Methods of Food Preservation
- Food Adulteration
- Food Quality Control
World of Microbes
- Microorganisms (Microbes) and Microbiology
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Prions
- Uses of Microorganisms (Microbes)
- Disease
- Manifestation of Diseases
- Categories of Disease
- Harmful Effects of Microorganisms (Microbes)
- Airborne Diseases
- Airborne Diseases Caused by Virus
- Airborne Diseases Caused by Bacteria
- Contamination of Water and Water Borne Diseases
- Waterborne Diseases Caused by Virus
- Waterborne Diseases Caused by Bacteria
- Vector Borne Diseases
- Protozoan Diseases
- Helminthic Diseases
- Diseases Transmitted by Animals
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
- Vaccination and Immunization
Economic Biology
Environmental Science
- Biogeochemical Cycle
- Water Cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
- The Carbon Cycle
- Adaptations of Plants
- Adaptation in Aquatic Plants (Hydrophytes)
- Adaptation in Desert Plants (Xerophytes)
- Adaptation in Grassland Plants (Mesophytes)
- Adaptation for Blending with the Surroundings
- Fresh Water Management
- Waste Water Management
- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Computer – LibreOffice Impress
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