Topics
Laws of Motion
- Motion and Rest
- Force
- Inertia and Mass
- Types of Inertia
- Linear Momentum
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Translational and Rotational Motions
- Turning Effect of a Force
- Moment of Force Or Torque
- Principle of Moments
- Couple
- Newton's Second Law of Motion
- Impulse
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Principle
- Rocket Propulsion
- Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
- Acceleration Due to Gravity (Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration)
- Mass and Weight of an Object
- Apparent Weight
Optics
- Light
- Refraction of Light
- Law of Reflection of Light
- Dispersion of Light and Its Causes
- Concept of Prism
- Dispersion of Light Through Prism and Formation of Spectrum
- Scattering of Light and Its Types
- Lens
- Spherical Lens
- Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors
- Guideline for Image Formation Due to Refraction Through a Convex and Concave Lens
- Convex Lens
- Images Formed Due to Refraction Through a Convex Lens
- Concave Lens
- Images Formed Due to Refraction Through a Concave Lens
- Lens Formula
- Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses
- Magnification Due to Spherical Lenses
- Lens Maker's Formula
- Power of a Lens
- Human Eye: Structure of the Eye
- Working of the Human Eye
- Eye Defect and Its Correction: Myopia Or Near-sightedness
- Eye Defect and its correction: Hypermetropia or far-sightedness
- Eye Defect and Its Correction: Presbyopia
- Eye Defect and Its Correction: Astigmatism
- Microscope and it’s types
- Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Optical Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Radio Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Telescopes Used in Space
Thermal Physics
- Heat and Its Unit
- Temperatures
- Scales of Thermometers
- Flow of Heat
- Heat Energy (Thermal Energy)
- Transfer of Heat
- Effect of Heat Energy
- Expansion of Substances (Thermal Expansion)
- Expansion of Solids
- Expansion of Liquids
- Expansion of Gases
- Fundamental Laws of Gases
- Pressure and Volume Relationship or Bolye's Law
- Temperature - Volume Relationship or Charles's Law
- Avogadro’s Law
- Gases and Its Characteristics
- Classification of Gases: Real Gases and Ideal Gases
- Gas Equation
Electricity
- Electricity
- Electric Current
- Electric Circuit
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Electric Potential (Electrostatic Potential) and Potential Difference
- Ohm's Law
- Resistance (R)
- Electrical Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity
- System of Resistors
- Resistors in Series
- Resistances in Parallel
- Series Connection of Parallel Resistors
- Parallel Connection of Series Resistors
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Joule’s Law of Heating
- Electrical Power
- Household Electrical Circuits
- Earthing (Grounding)
- Led Bulb
- Led Television
Acoustics
- Sound
- Difference Between the Sound and Light Waves
- Audibility and Range
- Speed of Sound (Velocity of Sound)
- Factors Affecting Speed of Sound in Gas
- Speed of Sound in Different Media
- Reflection of Sound
- Law of Reflection of Light
- Reflection of Sound
- Echoes
- Application of Reflection of Sound
- Doppler Effect
- Expression for Apparent Frequency Due to Doppler Effect
- Applications of Doppler Effect
Nuclear Physics
- Radioactivity
- Types of Radioactivity
- Radioactivity as Emission of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiations
- Properties of Alpha Particles
- Properties of Beta Particles
- Properties of Gamma Radiations
- Changes Within the Nucleus in Alpha, Beta and Gamma Emission
- Alpha Decay (Alpha Emission)
- Beta Decay (Beta Emission)
- Gamma Decay (Gamma Emission)
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
- Uses of Radioactivity
- Nuclear Reactor
- Safety Precautions While Using Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear Energy
Atoms and Molecules
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Atomic Mass
- Atomic Mass
- Atomic Mass
- Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Molecular Mass
- Difference Between Atoms and Molecules
- Mole Concept
- Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formula
- Avogadro’s Law
- Relationship Between Vapour Density and Relative Molecular Mass
Periodic Classification of Elements
- History of Periodic Table: Early Attempts at the Classification of Elements
- Modern Periodic Law
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Periodic Properties
- Periodic Properties: Atomic Radius Or Atomic Size
- Periodic Properties: Ionic Radii
- Periodic Properties: Ionisation Potential (Ionisation Energy)
- Periodic Properties: Electron Affinity
- Periodic Properties: Electronegativity
- Metallurgy
- Types of Separation or Concentration of an Ore
- Occurrence of Ores in Tamil Nadu
- Types of Elements: Metals
- Metallurgy of Aluminium
- Extraction of Aluminium
- Metallurgy of Copper
- Extraction of Copper
- Metallurgy of Iron
- Extraction of Iron
- Alloys
- Making Alloys
- Corrosion of Metals and Its Prevention
- Pamban Bridge
Solutions
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Classification of Change: Chemical Changes
- Effects of Chemical Changes: Biological Effects
- Effects of Chemical Changes: Environmental Effects
- Chemical Equation
- Balancing Chemical Equation
- Types of Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction
- Direct Combination (or Synthesis) Reaction
- Decomposition Reactions
- Single Displacement Reactions
- Double Displacement Reaction
- Combustion Reactions
- Classification of Change: Reversible and Irreversible Changes
- Rate of Chemical Reaction
- State of Equilibrium
- Ionic Product of Water
- Strength of Acidic or Basic Solutions
- Indicators
- Ph Calculation
- Problems on Ph
Carbon and Its Compounds
- Carbon: a Versatile Element
- Classification of Compounds of Carbon
- Organic Compounds
- Classification of Organic Compounds Based on the Pattern of Carbon Chain
- Classification of Organic Compound Based on the Kind of Atoms
- Hydrocarbons
- Functional Groups in Carbon Compounds
- Homologous Series of Carbon Compound
- Nomenclature of Organic Compounds (IUPAC)
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons
- IUPAC Nomenclature of other classes
- Ethanol
- Laboratory Preparation of Ethanol
- Ethanoic Acid
- Organic Compounds in Daily Life
- Soap
- Detergents
- Cleansing Action of Soap
Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology
- Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Tissue System
- Internal Structure of Dicot Root (Bean)
- Internal Structure of Monocot Root (Maize)
- Internal Structure of Dicot Stem (Sunflower)
- Internal Structure of Monocot Stem (Maize)
- Internal Structure of Dicot Leaf (Dorsiventral Leaf) Ex. Mango Leaf
- Internal Structure of Monocot Leaf (Isobilateral Leaf) Ex.Grass Leaf
- Plastids
- Photosynthesis - Food Making Process in Plants
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Chlorophyll – the Vital Plant Pigment
- Role of Sunlight in Photosynthesis
- Light Dependent Reaction (Hill Reaction \ Light Reaction)
- Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reaction \ Biosynthetic Phase)
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Mitochondria - “Power House of the Cell”
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle Or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.)
Structural Organisation of Animals
- The Indian Cattle Leech (Hirudinaria Granulosa)
- External Morphology of Leech
- Digestive System of Leech
- Respiratory System of Leech
- Circulatory System of Leech
- Nervous System of Leech
- Excretory System of Leech
- Reproductive System of Leech
- Parasitic Adaptations of Leech
- Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
- External Morphology of Rabbit
- Coelom (Body Cavity) of Rabbit
- Digestive System of Rabbit
- Respiratory System of Rabbit
- Circulatory System of Rabbit
- Nervous System of Rabbit
- Urinogenital System of Rabbit
Transportation in Plants and Circulation in Animals
- Transportation of Water and Food in Plants
- Means of Transport in Plants
- Simple Diffusion
- Active Transport
- Concept of Osmosis
- Concept of Imbibition
- Water and Mineral Absorption by Root
- Path of Water Across the Root
- Transpiration
- Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration
- Root Pressure
- Uptake of Minerals
- Translocation of Mineral Ions
- Transport of Food
- Translocation of Water (Ascent of Sap)
- Blood
- Composition of Blood: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Composition of Blood: White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Composition of Blood: Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Functions of Blood
- Blood Circulatory System in Human
- Human Heart
- Blood Vessels – Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
- Circulation of Blood in the Heart (Functioning of Heart)
- Types of Blood Circulation
- Heart Beat - Heart Sounds "LUBB" and "DUP"
- Circulation of Blood in the Heart: Cardiac Cycle
- Blood Pressure (B.P.)
- Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups (ABO and Rh system)
- Lymph and Lymphatic System
Nervous System
- Human Nervous System
- Neuron (Or Nerve Cell) and Its Types
- Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System
- Neuroglial Cells (Or Glial Cells)
- Nerve Fibres
- Transmission of Nerve Impulse
- Major Division of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- The Human Brain
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Structure of Human Brain
- The Spinal Cord
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Reflex and Reflex Action
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Plant and Animal Hormones
- Hormones
- Plant Hormones
- Types of Plant Hormones: Auxins
- Types of Plant Hormones: Cytokinins
- Types of Plant Hormones: Gibberellins
- Types of Plant Hormones: Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- Types of Plant Hormones: Ethylene
- Hormones in Animals
- Human Endocrine System
- Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
- Reproductive Glands (Gonads)
- Thymus Gland
Reproduction in Plants and Animals
- Reproduction in Plant
- Mode of Reproduction in Plant
- Asexual Reproduction in Plant
- Natural Vegetative Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Pollination
- Self Pollination (Autogamy)
- Cross Pollination
- Agents of Pollination
- Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion in Plant
- Human Reproductive System
- The Male Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
- Gametogenesis
- Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
- Fertilization to Foetal Development
- Reproductive Health
- Family Planning
- Types of Hygiene: Personal Hygiene
Genetics
- Genes and Genetic
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Inheritance of One Gene (Monohybrid Cross)
- Inheritance of Two Genes (Dihybrid Cross)
- Mendelian Inheritance - Mendel’s Laws of Heredity
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Types of Chromosomes
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Its Structure
- DNA Replication
- Sex Determination
- Mutation
Origin and Evolution of Life
Breeding and Biotechnology
- Breeding and Biotechnology
- Modern Agricultural Practices and Crop Improvement
- Green Revolution
- Methods of Plant Breeding for Crop Improvement
- Animal Breeding
- Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
- Biotechnology in Medicine
- Stem Cells
- DNA Fingerprinting Technique
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Health and Diseases
Environmental Management
- Environmental Management
- Conservation and Judicious Use of Resources
- Forests: Our Lifeline
- Deforestation and Its Causes
- Consequences of Deforestation
- Conservation of Forest
- Wildlife
- Conservation of Wildlife
- Soil Erosion
- Soil Conservation
- Conventional Sources of Energy and Non-conventional Sources of Energy
- Fossil Fuels
- Conservation of Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Resources
- Solar Energy
- Solar Energy Devices
- Bio-energy
- Shale Gas
- Wind Energy
- Hydroelectric Energy
- Energy from the Sea
- Fresh Water Management
- Conservation of Electrical Energy
- E-wastes and Its Management
- Sewage and Its Management
- Waste Water Management
- Solid Waste Management
- Five R’s of Waste Management
Visual Communication
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