Topics
Computer Fundamentals
- Classification of Computers
- Basics of Computer and Its Operation
- Functional Components and Their Interconnections
- Concept of Booting
- Types of Software - System Software, Utility Software and Application Software
- Operating System
- Compiler
- Interpreter and Assembler
- Need for Operating System
- Functions of Operating System
- Types of Operating System - Interactive (Gui Based), Time Sharing, Real Time and Distributed
- Commonly Used Operating System - UNIX, LINUX, Windows, Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions)
- Mobile OS - Android, Symbian, IOS
- Anti Virus
- File Management Tools
- Compression Tools
- Disk Management Tools - Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup
- Open Source Software
- Freeware
- Shareware
- Proprietary Software
- Office Tools - Word Processor, Presentation Tool, Spreadsheet Package, Database Management System
- Domain Specific Tools - School Management System, Inventory Management System, Payroll System, Financial Accounting, Hotel Management, Reservation System and Weather Forecasting System
- Number System - Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal and Conversion Between Different Number Systems
- Internal Storage Encoding of Characters - ASCII, ISCII (Indian Scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), and UNICODE (For Multilingual Computing)
- Microprocessor - Basic Concepts, Clock Speed (MHz, GHz), 16 Bit, 32 Bit, 64 Bit, 128 Bit Processors
- Types of Microprocessors - CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computing)
- Types of Microprocessors - RISC Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
- Types of Microprocessors - EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing)
- Memory Concepts - Units (Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte, Exa Byte, Zetta Byte, Yotta Byte)
- Primary Memory
- Secondary Memory Unit (Secondary Storage Devices)
- Input Output Ports/ Connections - Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 Port, Infrared Port, Bluetooth, Firewire
Programming Methodology
- Modular Approach
- Clarity and Simplicity of Expressions
- Use of Proper Names for Identifiers, Comments, Indentation
- Documentation and Program Maintenance
- Running and Debugging Programs
- Syntax Errors
- Run-Time Errors
- Logical Errors
- Understanding of the Problem
- Solution for the Problem
- Identifying Minimum Number of Inputs Required for Output
- Writing Code to Optimizing Execution Time and Memory Storage
- Step by Step Solution for the Problem
- Breaking Down Solution into Simple Steps (Modular Approach)
- Identification of Arithmetic and Logical Operations Required for Solution
- Control Structure - Conditional Control and Looping (Finite and Infinite)
- Problem Solving - Introduction to Algorithms/Flowcharts
Introduction to C++
- C++ Character Set
- C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators)
- Structure of a C++ Program (Include Files, Main Function)
- Header Files - Iostream.h, Iomanip.h
- Cout
- Cin
- Use of I/O Operators (<<and>>)
- Use of endl and setw()
- Cascading of I/O Operators
- Compilation
- Error Messages
- Use of Editor
- Basic Commands of Editor
- Linking and Execution
- Data Types
- Variables and Constants
- Built-in Data Types - Char, Int , Float and Double
- Constants - Integer Constants, Character Constants (- \n, \t, \b), Floating Point Constants, String Constants
- Access Modifier - Const
- Variables of Built-in-data Types
- Declaration/Initialization of Variables
- Assignment Statement
- Type Modifier - Signed, Unsigned, Long
- Operators - Arithmetic Operators (-,+,*,/,%)
- Assignment Operator (=)
- C++ Shorthands (+=, -=,*=,/=,%=), Unary Operators (-), Increment (++), Decrement (--) Operators
- Relational Operator (>,>=,<=,=,!=)
- Logical Operators (!,&&,||)
- Conditional Operator:- <condition>?<if—true>:<if false>
- Precedence of Operators
- Automatic Type Conversion in Expressions
- Type Casting
Programming in C++
- Conditional Statements - If Else, Nested If, Switch..Case..Default, Use of Conditional Operator
- Nested Switch..Case
- Break Statement (To Be Used in Switch..Case Only)
- Loops - While, Do – While, for and Nested Loops
- Standard Input/Output Functions [stdio.h] gets(), puts()
- Character Functions [ctype.h] isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), tolower(), toupper()
- String Function [string.h] strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp(), strcmpi(), strrev(), strupr(), strlwr()
- Mathematical Functions [math.h] fabs(), pow(), sqrt(), sin(), cos(), abs()
- Defining a Function
- Function Prototype
- Invoking/Calling a Function
- Passing Arguments to Function
- Specifying Argument Data Types
- Default Argument
- Constant Argument
- Call by Value
- Call by Reference
- Returning Values from a Function
- Calling Functions with Arrays
- Scope Rules of Variables - Local and Global Variables
- Relating to Parameters and Return Type Concepts in Built-in Functions
- Arrays - Introduction to Array and Its Advantages
- One Dimensional Array:- Declaration/Initialization of One-dimensional Array
- One Dimensional Array:- Accepting Array Elements
- One Dimensional Array:- Accessing Array Elements
- One Dimensional Array:- Manipulation of Array Elements (Sum of Elements, Product of Elements, Average of Elements, Linear Search, Finding Maximum/Minimum Value)
- Declaration/Initialization of a String
- String Manipulations (Counting Vowels/ Consonants/ Digits/ Special Characters, Case Conversion, Reversing a String, Reversing Each Word of a String)
- Two-dimensional Array:- Declaration/Initialization of a Two-dimensional Array
- Two-dimensional Array:- Inputting Array Elements
- Two-dimensional Array:- Accessing Array Elements
- Two-dimensional Array:- Manipulation of Array Elements (Sum of Row Element, Column Elements, Diagonal Elements, Finding Maximum / Minimum Values)
- Introduction to User Defined Data Types
- Structure:- Defining a Structure (Keyword Structure)
- Structure:- Declaring Structure Variables
- Structure:- Accessing Structure Elements
- Structure:- Passing Structure to Functions as Value and Reference, Argument/Parameter,
- Structure:- Function Returning Structure
- Structure:- Array of Structure
- Structure:- Passing an Array of Structure as an Argument/ a Parameter to a Function
- Defining a Symbol Name Using Typedef Keyword and Defining a Macro Using #Define Preprocessor Directive
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