Topics
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants
- Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants
- Asexual Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction
- Microsporogenesis
- Structure of Anatropous Ovule
- Megasporogenesis
- Pollination
- Outbreeding Devices (Contrivances)
- Pollen - Pistil Interaction
- Double Fertilization
- Development of Endosperm
- Development of Embryo
- Seed and Fruit Development
- Apomixis
- Parthenocarpy
- Polyembryony
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
- Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
- Asexual Reproduction in Animals
- Sexual Reproduction in Animals
- Menstrual Cycle
- Gametogenesis
- Fertilization/Syngamy
- Embryonic Development
- Pregnancy
- Placenta
- Parturition
- Lactation
- Introduction of Reproductive Health
- Birth Control
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
- Infertility
- Embryo Development Upto Blastocyst Formation
Inheritance and Variation
- Chromosomes and Mechanism of Inheritance
- Genetic Terminology
- Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
- Back Cross and Test Cross
- Deviations from Mendel’s Findings
- Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- Chromosomes
- Linkage and Crossing Over
- Autosomal Inheritance
- Sex-linked Inheritance
- Sex Determination
- Genetic Disorders
- Genetics: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Origin and Evolution of Life
- Origin of Life
- Chemical Evolution of Life (Self-assembly Theory of the Origin of Life)
- Organic Evolution
- Darwinism
- Mutation Theory
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
- Mechanism of Organic Evolution
- Hardy-weinberg’s Principle
- Adaptive Radiation
- Evidence of Organic Evolution
- Speciation
- Geological Time Scale
- Human Evolution
Plant Water Relation
- Properties of Water
- Plant Root
- Water Available to Roots for Absorption
- Absorption of Water by Roots from Soil
- Water Potential (ψ)
- Plasmolysis
- Path of Water Across the Root
- Mechanism of Absorption of Water
- Translocation of Water
- Transport of Mineral Ions
- Transport of Food
- Concept of Transpiration
- Structure of Stomatal Apparatus
Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition
- Plant Growth
- Phases of Plant Growth
- Conditions for Plant Growth
- Plant Growth Rate
- Types of Plant Growth
- Plant Growth Curve
- Differentiation, De-differentiation, Re- Differentiation
- Plant Development
- Plant Plasticity
- Plant Growth Hormones
- Photoperiodism
- Vernalization (Yarovization)
- Plant Mineral Nutrition
- Nitrogen Cycle
Respiration and Circulation
- Organs of Respiratory Exchange
- Respiratory System Or Tracheal System
- Mechanism of Respiration
- Regulation of Breathing
- Modified Respiratory Movements
- Common Disorders of Respiratory System
- Transportation in Living Organisms
- Circulation in Animals
- Circulatory System in Human
- Red Blood Corpuscles/Erythrocytes
- White Blood Corpuscles/Leucocytes
- Thrombocytes/Platelets
- Heart
- Working Mechanism of Human Heart
- Blood Vessels
- Blood Pressure (B. P.)
- Electrocardiogram
- Lymphatic System
Control and Co-ordination
- Nervous System in Hydra
- Nervous System in Planaria (Flatworm)
- Neural Tissue
- Synapse
- Transmission of Nerve Impulse
- Human Nervous System
- Human Eye
- Human Ear
- Disorders of Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- The Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland Or Hypophysis Gland
- The Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus Gland
- Adrenal Gland/Suprarenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Gonads
- Diffuse Endocrine Glands
Human Health and Diseases
Enhancement of Food Production
- Improvement in Food Production
- Plant Breeding
- Tissue Culture
- Single Cell Protein (SCP)
- Biofortification
- Animal Breeding
- Dairy Farm Management
- Poultry Farm Management
- Apiculture Or Bee Keeping
- Fishery
- Sericulture
- Lac Culture
- Introduction of Microbes in Human Welfare
- Role of Microbes in Industrial Production
- Microbes in Sewage Treatment
- Microbes in Energy Generation
- Role of Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
- Role of Microbes as Biofertilizers
Biotechnology
Organisms and Populations
Ecosystems and Energy Flow
Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues
- Levels of Biodiversity
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Current Scenario
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Conservation of Biodiversity
- Biological Diversity Act 2002
- Air Pollution and Its Control
- Noise Pollution and Its Control
- Water Pollution and Its Control
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Ozone Depletion
- Deforestation
- Mission Harit Maharashtra
Origin and the Evolution of Life
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Genetic Engineering and Genomics
Human Health and Diseases
Animal Husbandry
Circulation
Excretion and Osmoregulation
Control and Co-ordination
- Neural System
- Human Neural System
- Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse
- Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
- Sense Organs
- Eye - Parts of an Eye
- Concept of the Ear
- Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- Mechanism of Hormone Action
- Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators
- Hypo and Hyperactivity and Related Disorders - Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Addison'S Disease
Human Reproduction
- The Male Reproductive System
- Microscopic Anatomy of Testis
- Microscopic Anatomy of Ovary
- Gametogenesis
- Fertilisation and Implantation
- Embryo Development Upto Blastocyst Formation
- Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
- Parturition and Lactation
- Introduction of Reproductive Health
- Population Explosion and Birth Control
- Medical Terminat on of Pregnancy (MTP)
- Reproductive Health - Problems and Strategies
- Infertility
- The Female Reproductive System
- Menstrual Cycle
Organisms and Environment 2
- Population and Ecological Adaptations
- Population Interactions
- Population Attributes
- Concept of Biodiversity
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- Importance of Biodiversity
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Endangered Organisms
- Extinction
- Red Data Book
- Air Pollution and Its Control
- Introduction of Water Pollution and Its Control
- Radioactive Waste Management and E-waste
notes
Water Pollution
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances such as chemicals and waste materials like garbage are present in water that affect its quality and the presence of life in it.
The causes of Water Pollution
Waste from Industries – The industries often release chemicals directly into water bodies such as rivers and seas which contaminates it.
Sewage – The waste produced from households is often released into the water which gives rise to harmful bacteria in the water.
Mining Activities – The metal wastes obtained from mining activities harm the organisms present in water
Usage of Fertilizers and Pesticides – The chemicals present in fertilizers and pesticides are extremely harmful to aquatic animals, plants as well as animal consumption.
The Effects of Water Pollution
Addition of unwanted substances such as fertilizers pesticides and industrial wastes can make it poisonous and extremely harmful for consumption.
It can also lead to an increase in bacteria that causes severe diseases like Cholera.
Water pollution can lead to a decrease in the amount of Oxygen and nutrients in the water which affects the aquatic life.
Water pollution can cause changes in the temperature of water. An increase in temperature is not suitable for all the aquatic animals especially their eggs.
The water cycle refers to the continuous movement of water from the sky to the ground and then back again. The water cycle can be divided into different stages:
Evaporation- Water from the Earth evaporates into water vapours and travels up to the atmosphere.
Condensation – The water cools down and forms clouds up in the atmosphere.
Rainfall, Snowfall or Precipitation – The water then falls back to the ground
The water that falls on the earth and travels through different pathways before it finally falls back into the sea and oceans via rivers. Some of the water is also being utilized by the plants, animals and human beings present on the earth. But the journey of water continues in the form of the water cycle.
Shaalaa.com | Water Pollution harmful effect
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