Topics
The Living World
Biological Classification
Plant Kingdom
Animal Kingdom
Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Concept of Root
- Stem and Modifications of Stems
- Concept of Leaf
- Concept of Inflorescence
- Concept of Flower
- Flower - Parts of a Flower
- Concept of Fruit
- Seed - Structure of a Dicotyledonous Seed
- Seed - Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed
- Semi-technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant
- Some Important Families
- Morphology and Modifications - Tissues
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Types of Plant Tissues: Meristematic Tissues
- Types of Plant Tissues: Permanent Tissues
- Epidermal Tissue System
- Ground Tissue System
- Vascular Tissue System
- Dicotyledonous Root
- Monocotyledonous Root
- Dicotyledonous Stem
- Monocotyledonous Stem
- Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf
- Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf
- Vascular Cambium
- Cork Cambium
- Secondary Growth in Roots
- Anatomy and Functions of Different Parts of Flowering Plants
Structural Organisation in Animals
- Animal Tissues - Epithelial Tissues
- Animal Tissues - Connective Tissue
- Animal Tissues - Muscular Tissue
- Animal Tissues - Neural Tissue
- Morphology
- Anatomy
- Morphology of Cockroach
- Anatomy of Cockroach
- Morphology (Frog)
- Anatomy (Frog)
- Introduction of Structural Organisation in Animals
- Glands
- Types of Junctions
- Structural Organisation in Animals (Questions)
Cell - The Unit of Life
- Concept of Cell
- Overview of Cell
- Cell Theory
- Concept of Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells - Cell Envelope and Its Modifications
- Prokaryotic Cells - Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies
- Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Cell Membrane
- Cell Wall
- Endomembrane System
- Mitochondria
- Plastids
- Ribosomes
- Cilia and Flagella
- Centrosome and Centrioles
- Cytoskeleton
- Nucleus
- Microbodies
- Plant Cell and Animal Cell
- Structure and Functions of Cell Envelope, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Cell Organelles
Biomolecules
- Analyse - Chemical Composition
- Primary and Secondary Metabolites
- Biomacromolecules
- Concept of Polysaccharides
- Concept of Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Structure of Proteins
- Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer
- Dynamic State of Body Constituents – Concept of Metabolism
- Metabolic Basis for Living
- The Living State
- Concept of Enzymes
- Enzymes - Chemical Reactions
- Enzymes - High Rates of Chemical Conversions
- Nature of Enzyme Action
- Enzymes - Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
- Enzymes - Co-factors
- Introduction of Biomolecules
- Chemical Constituents of Living Cells
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates
- Structure and Function of Lipids
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Transport in Plants
- Introduction of Transport in Plants
- Movement of Water, Gases and Nutrients
- Cell to Cell Transport
- Diffusion
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Active, Passive, and Bulk Cell Transport
- Comparison of Different Transport Processes
- Concept of Plant-water Relations
- Water Potential (ψ)
- Osmosi
- Plasmolysis
- Imbibition
- Introduction of Long Distance Transport of Water
- Plants Absorb Water
- Water Movement up a Plant
- Concept of Transpiration
- Transpiration - Transpiration and Photosynthesis – a Compromise
- Uptake of Mineral Ions
- Translocation of Mineral Ions
- Phloem Transport - Flow from Source to Sink
- Phloem Transport - Pressure Flow Or Mass Flow Hypothesis
- Opening and Closing of Stomata
- Diffusion of Gases
- Transport in Plants (Numericals)
Mineral Nutrition
- Introduction of Mineral Nutrition
- Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants
- Elementary Idea of Hydroponics
- Criteria for Essentiality
- Macro and Micro Nutrients and Their Role
- Deficiency Symptoms of Essential Elements
- Toxicity of Micronutrients
- Mechanism of Absorption of Elements
- Translocation of Solutes
- Nitrogen Metabolism
- Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Biological Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen to Ammonia Conversion and Nitrogenase
- Mineral Nutrition (Questions)
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
- Early Experiments - (Photosynthesis)
- Where Does Photosynthesis Take Place
- Pigments Are Involved in Photosynthesis
- Concept of Light Reaction
- Concept of Electron Transport
- Electron Transport - Splitting of Water
- Electron Transport - Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation
- Electron Transport - Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- Primary Acceptor of CO2
- Calvin Cycle
- The C4 Pathway
- Photorespiration
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis as a Mean of Autotrophic Nutrition
- Chloroplast Structure
- Site of Photosynthesis
- Light-independent Reactions
- Photosynthesis Reaction
- Photochemical and Biosynthetic Phases of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis in Higher Plants (Questions)
Respiration in Plants
- Introduction of Respiration in Plants
- Plants Breathe
- Glycolysis
- Fermentation
- Oxidation of Pyruvate
- Conept of Aerobic Respiration
- Aerobic Respiration - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
- Aerobic Respiration - Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Respiratory Balance Sheet
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Respiratory Quotient
- Exchange of Gases - in Plants
- Energy Relations - Number of ATP Molecules Generated
- Respiration in Plants (Questions)
Plant Growth and Development
- Introduction of Plant Growth and Development
- Plant Growth Generally is Indeterminate
- Phases of Plant Growth
- Plant Growth Rate
- Conditions of Growth
- Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
- Concept of Development
- Characteristics of Growth Regulators
- Discovery of Plant Growth Regulators
- Physiological Effects of Plant Growth Regulators
- Photoperiodism
- Vernalisation
- Tropic Movements in Plants
- Seed Germination
- Seed Dormancy
- Plant Growth and Development (Questions)
Digestion and Absorption (Part B)
- Digestion and Absorption Introduction
- Alimentary Canal
- Digestive Glands
- Digestion of Food
- Absorption of Digested Products
- Disorders of Digestive System
- Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones
- Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats
- Digestion and Absorption Questions
- Calorific Values of Proteins
- Calorific Values of Carbohydrates
- Calorific Values of Fats
- Egestion
Breating and Exchange of Gases (Part B)
- Introduction of Breating and Exchange of Gases
- Respiratory Organs
- Respiratory Organs - Human Respiratory System
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
- Exchange of Gases
- Transport of Gases - Transport of Oxygen
- Transport of Gases - Transport of Carbon Dioxide
- Regulation of Respiration
- Disorders of Respiratory System
- Breating and Exchange of Gases (Questions)
Body Fluids and Circulation (Part A)
- Introduction of Body Fluids and Circulation
- Composition of Blood: Plasma
- Blood Groups
- Coagulation of Blood
- Lymph (Tissue Fluid)
- Human Circulatory System
- Cardiac Cycle
- Electrocardiograph (ECG)
- Double Circulation
- Regulation of Cardiac Activity
- Disorders of Circulatory System
- Cardiac Output
- Compatibility of Antigen
- Body Fluids and Circulation (Questions)
Excretory Products and Their Elimination (Part B)
- Human Excretory System
- Urine Formation
- Function of the Tubules
- Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate
- Regulation of Kidney Function
- Concept of Micturition
- Role of Other Organs in Excretion
- Disorders of the Excretory System
- Modes of Excretion - Ammonotelism
- Modes of Excretion - Ureotelism
- Modes of Excretion - Uricotelism
- Osmoregulation
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Excretory Products and Elimination Questions
Locomotion and Movement (Part B)
Neural Control and Coordination (Part B)
- Neural System
- Human Neural System
- Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System
- Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse
- Transmission of Impulses
- Concept of Central Neural System
- Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
- Sensory Perception
- Sense Organs
- Eye - Parts of an Eye
- Eye - Mechanism of Vision
- Concept of the Ear
- The Ear - Mechanism of Hearing
- Neural Control and Coordination Questions
Chemical Coordination and Integration (Part A)
- Introduction of Chemical Coordination and Integration
- Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- The Hypothalamus
- The Pituitary Gland
- The Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Testis
- Ovary
- Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
- Mechanism of Hormone Action
- Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators
- Hypo and Hyperactivity and Related Disorders - Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Addison'S Disease
- Chemical Coordination and Integration (Questions)
If you would like to contribute notes or other learning material, please submit them using the button below.
Related concepts
Advertisement Remove all ads
