Topics
Basic Concepts in Geometry
Angles
- Concept of Angle - Arms, Vertex, Interior and Exterior Region
- Types of Angles- Acute, Obtuse, Right, Straight, Reflex, Complete and Zero Angle.
- Introduction to Practical Geometry
- Constructing a Bisector of an Angle
- Constructing a Bisector of an Angle
- Constructing a Copy of an Angle of Unknown Measure
- Angles of Special Measures - 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 120°
Integers
Operations on Fractions
- Concept of Fractions
- Types of Fraction
- Concept of Proper Fractions
- Improper Fraction and Mixed Fraction
- Concept for Equivalent Fractions
- Like and Unlike Fraction
- Addition of Fraction
- Subtraction of Fraction
- Fraction on the Number Line
- Multiplication of a Fraction by a Fraction
- Concept for Reciprocal of a Fraction
- Division of Fractions
Decimal Fractions
- Concept of Decimal Numbers
- Place Value in the Context of Decimal Fraction
- Concept of Tenths, Hundredths and Thousandths in Decimal
- Addition of Decimal Numbers
- Subtraction of Decimals Fraction
- Representing Decimals on the Number Line
- Interconversion of Fraction and Decimal
- Multiplication of Decimal Numbers
- Division of a Decimal Number by a Whole Number
- Division of a Decimal Number by Another Decimal Number
Bar Graphs
Symmetry
Divisibility
HCF-LCM
Equations
Ratio and Proportion
Percentage
Profit –Loss
Banks and Simple Interest
Triangles and Their Properties
- Concept of Triangles - Sides, Angles, Vertices, Interior and Exterior of Triangle
- Classification of Triangles (On the Basis of Sides, and of Angles)
- Equilateral Triangle
- Isosceles Triangles
- Scalene Triangle
- Acute Angled Triangle
- Obtuse Angled Triangle
- Right Angled Triangle
- Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
- Properties of a Triangle
Quadrilaterals
Geometrical Constructions
Three Dimensional Shapes
notes
Concept of Cylinder:
- A cylinder is a three-dimensional shape with two round shapes at either end and two parallel lines connecting the round ends. Bases are always parallel and congruent to each other.
- A closed cylinder has two flat circular faces and one curved face.
- The cylinder has two circular edges and no vertex.
Type of Cylinder:
There are two types of cylinder:
1. Right Circular Cylinder:
When the two bases of the cylinder are over each other in the exact position and the axis is at the right angle to the base, it is called the cylinder is a right cylinder.
If the bases are circular in shape, then it is called a Right circular cylinder.
If the bases are in an elliptical shape, then it is called an Elliptical Cylinder.
2. Oblique Cylinder:
When one of the bases of the cylinder is sideways and the axis is not a right angle to the base, then it is an oblique cylinder.
Properties of Cylinder:
- A cylinder has only one curved side.
- A cylinder has two identical flat ends that are circular or elliptical.
- The bases are always congruent and parallel.
- It is similar to the prism since it has the same cross-section everywhere.
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