Topics
Business, Trade and Commerce
- Introduction to Business, Trade and Commerce
- Role of Business in the Development of Economy
- Concept of Business
- Business, Profession and Employment
- Classification of Business Activities
- Meaning of Industry
- Commerce
- Trade
- Types of Trade
- Auxiliaries to Trade
- Objectives of Business - Economic and Social
- Concept of Business Risk
- Nature of Business Risk
- Causes of Business Risk
- Basic Factors of Starting a Business
- Role of Profit in Business
- Human and National
Foundations of Business
Forms of Business Organizations
- Introduction to Forms of Business Organisation
- Concept of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Characteristics of a Sole Trader
- Merits of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Limitations of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Hindu Undivided Family Business Or Joint Hindu Family Business
- Features of Joint Hindu Family Business
- Merits of Joint Hindu Family Business
- Limitation of Joint Hindu Family Business
- Concept of Partnership
- Features of Partnership
- Merits of Partnership
- Limitations of Partnership
- Types of Partners
- Types of Partnerships
- Registration of a Partnership Firm
- Concept of Partnership-deed
- Concept of Cooperative Societies
- Features of Cooperatives
- Merits of Cooperative Society
- Limitations of Cooperative Society
- Types of Cooperative Societies
- Joint Stock Company
- Features of Joint Stock Company
- Merits of Joint Stock Company
- Limitations of Joint Stock Company
- Types of Companies
- Choice of Form of Business Organization
- Concept of Company
- Stages for Formation of Company
- Important Document to Be Used in Formation of a Company
Corporate Organisation, Finance and Trade
Public, Private and Global Enterprises
- Introduction to Private, Public and Global Enterprises
- Concept of Public Sector and Private Sector Enterprises
- Forms of Organising Public Sector Enterprises
- Departmental Undertakings
- Statutory Or Public Corporations
- Government Company
- Changing Role of Public Sector Enterprises
- Concept of Global Enterprises
- Merits and Demerits of Global Enterprises
- Concept of Joint Ventures
- Types of Joint Ventures
- Benefits of Joint Ventures
- Concept of Public Private Partnership
Business Services
- Introduction to Business Services
- Meaning of Business Services
- Nature of Services
- Types of Business Services
- Types of Bank Accounts
- Banking
- Functions of Commercial Banks
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - Bank Draft
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - Banker's Cheque
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - Real Time Gross Settlement
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - National Electronic Fund Transfer
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - Bank Overdraft
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - Cash Credit
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - E-banking
- Concept of Insurance
- Functions of Insurance
- Types of Insurance
- Types of Insurance - Health
- Fundamental Principle of Insurance
- Fire Insurance
- Marine Insurance
- Communication Services
- Concept of Postal Service
- Concept of Telecom Services
- Transportation
- Commercial Services
- Concept of Warehousing
- Functions of Warehousing
- Government Security Schemes
Emerging Modes of Business
- Introduction to Emerging Modes of Business
- Concept of E-business
- Scope of E-business
- Benefits of E-business
- Applications of E-Business
- Limitations of E-business
- Difference Between Traditional and E-business
- Online Transaction
- Security and Safety of E-transactions: E-business Risks
- Resources Required for Successful E-business Implementation
- Concept of Outsourcing
- Scope of Outsourcing
- Need of Outsourcing
- Concerns Over Outsourcing
- Concept of Business Process Outsourcing(BPO)
- Needs of Business Process Outsourcing(BPO)
- Scope of Business Process Outsourcing(BPO)
- Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Need of Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Scope of Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Meaning of Smart Cards and ATM’s
- Utility of Smart Cards and ATM’s
- Payment Mechanism
Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics
- Introduction to Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics
- Concept of Social Responsibility
- Need for Social Responsibility
- Kinds of Social Responsibility
- Social Responsibility Towards Different Interest Groups
- Case of Social Responsibility
- Meaning of Environment Protection and Business
- Causes of Pollution
- Need for Pollution Control and Business
- Role of Environment Protection and Business
- Concept of Business Ethics
- Elements of Business Ethics
Formation of a Company
- Introduction to Formation of a Company
- Formation of a Company
- Promotion of a Company
- Functions of a Promoter
- Necessary Documents to Be Submitted for Company Formation
- Position of Promoters
- Incorporation
- Effect of the Certificate of Incorporation
- Capital Subscription
- Difference Between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association
Sources of Business Finance
- Introduction to Sources of Business Finance
- Meaning and Nature of Business Finance
- Classification of Sources of Funds
- Sources of Finance
- Retained Earnings
- Borrowed Funds - Trade Credit
- Factoring
- Lease Financing
- Public Deposits
- Commercial Paper
- Issue of Shares
- Debentures
- Commercial Banks
- Financial Institutions
- International Financing
- Factors Affecting the Choice of the Source of Funds
- Inter Corporate Deposits (ICD)
Small Business
- Small Scale Enterprise as Defined by MSMED Act 2006
- Role of Small Business in India with Special Reference to Rural Areas
- Government Schemes and Agencies for Small Scale Industries
- Introduction to MSME and Business Entrepreneurship
- Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
- Role and Significance of MSMEs
- Problems Associated with MSME
- MSME and Entrepreneurship Development
- Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
- Why is IPR Important for Entrepreneurs?
- Types of IPs
Internal Trade
- Introduction to Internal Trade
- Internal Trade
- Wholesale Trade
- Services of Wholesalers
- Services Offered by Wholesalers to Manufacturers
- Services Offered by Wholesalers to Retailers
- Retail Trade
- Services of Retailers
- Services of Retailers to Manufacturers and Wholesalers
- Services of Retailers to Consumers
- Meaning of Internal Trade
- Types of Internal Trade
- Services Rendered by a Wholesaler and a Retailer
- Types of Retail Trade - Itinerant and Small Scale Fixed Shops
- Itinerant Retailers
- Fixed Shop Retailers
- Types of Fixed Shop Retailers
- Fixed Shop Small Retailers
- Fixed Shop - Large Stores
- Advantages of Retailing Through Departmental Stores
- Limitations of Retailing Through Departmental Stores
- Large Scale Retailers
- Chain Stores or Multiple Shops
- Advantages of Multiple Shops
- Limitations of Multiple Shops
- Difference Between Departmental Stores and Multiple Shops
- Mail Order Houses
- Concept of Automatic Vending Machine
- Basic Function of Chambers of Commerce and Industry
- Roles of Chambers of Commerce and Industry
- Main Documents Used in Internal Trade
- Terms of Trade - Cash on Delivery (COD)
- Terms of Trade - Free on Board (FOB)
- Terms of Trade - Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)
- Terms of Trade - Errors and Omissions Excepted (E&OE)
- Advantages of Mail Order Houses
- Limitations of Mail Order Houses
- Consumer Cooperative Store
- Advantages of Consumer Cooperative Store
- Limitations of Consumer Cooperative Store
- Super Markets
- Advantages of Super Markets
- Limitations of Super Market
- Vending Machines
- Goods and Services Tax
- Role of Commerce and Industry Associations is in Promotion of Internal Trade
International Trade
- Introduction to International Business
- Meaning of International Business
- Reason for International Business
- International Business Vs. Domestic Business
- Scope of International Business
- Benefits of International Business
- Modes of Entry into International Business
- Concept of International Trade
- Advantages of International Trade
- Disadvantages of International Trade
- Meaning of Export Trade
- Objectives of Export Trade
- Procedure of Export Trade
- Meaning of Import Trade
- Objectives of Import Trade
- Purpose of Import Trade
- Procedure of Import Trade
- Meaning of World Trade Organization (WTO)
- Objectives of World Trade Organization (WTO)
- Documents Involved in International Trade Or Export Trade - Indent, Letter of Credit, Shipping Order, Shipping Bills and Mate's Receipt(DA/DP)
- Specimen of the Document Involved in International Trade or Export Trade
- Importance of Documents Involved in International Trade
- Advantages of Importing
- Limitations of Importing
- Advantages of Exporting
- Limitations of Exporting
- Contract Manufacturing
- Licensing and Franchising
- Concept of Joint Ventures
- Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
- Foreign Trade Promotion: Incentives and Organisational Support
- Foreign Trade Promotion Measures and Schemes
- Organisational Support
- International Trade Institutions and Trade Agreements
- World Bank
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Ownership by one man
- Freedom of work and Quick Decisions
- Unlimited Liability
- Enjoying Entire Profit
- Absence of Government Regulation
- No Separate Entity
- Maintenance of Secrecy
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